Today (September 12, 1897) is the birthday of Irene Joliet Curie, the daughter of Marie Curie, Nobel Laureate, who discovered new radioactive elements artificially.
Irene
Joliot-Curie was born on September 12, 1897, in Paris, France. She is the
daughter of the famous Nobel couple Marie Curie and Pierre Curie and is a
French scientist. By 1906, Irene was clearly proficient in mathematics. And his
mother chose to focus on it instead of public school. Mary formed a
collaborative effort with many eminent French scholars, including the leading
French physicist Paul Lange. It also included a private gathering of nine
students who were the children of some of the most famous academics in France.
Each contributed to the education of each other in their respective homes. The
co-curriculum is diverse and covers not only the principles of scientific and
scientific research but also different disciplines such as Chinese and
sculpture. Placed greater emphasis on self-expression and sport. Irene studied
in this environment for about two years.
When Irene was thirteen, Irene and her sister Au were sent to Poland to spend the summer with Aunt Brona (Mary's sister). Irene's education was very rigorous. Each day of that interval she had a German and trigonometry lesson. By 1914 Irene had re-entered a traditional learning environment by attending high school at the College Sevignay in central Paris. He then went to the Faculty of Science in Sorbonne. He completed his bachelor's degree until 1916 when his studies were hampered by World War II. Irene took a nursing course in college to help her mother become an assistant to Marie Curie. She set aside her mother and began her career as a nursing radiographer on the battlefield. But a few months later he was alone in a radiation facility in Belgium.
He taught doctors how to detect small pieces in bodies using radiation. He also learned how to repair equipment himself. He received a military medal for his assistance with X-ray facilities in Belgium. After the war, he returned to Sorbonne in Paris in 1918 to complete his degree in mathematics and physics. Irene later worked as her mother's assistant at a radium company built by her parents. His doctoral dissertation is on the alpha decay of polonium, an element discovered by his parents (including radium) and named after Mary's birthplace, Poland. Irene became a physician in 1925.
Towards the end
of his doctorate in 1924, Irene Curie was asked to teach young chemist
Frederick Joliet the precise laboratory techniques needed for radiochemical
research. She later married him. Since 1928, Joliet-Curie and her husband,
Frederick, have co-founded nuclear research. In 1932, Joliet-Curie and her
husband, Frederick, approached Marion's polonium in its entirety. Experiments
were carried out using gamma rays to identify positron. Although their
experiments identified both positrons and neutrons, they failed to explain the
significance of the results. The findings were later requested by Carl David
Anderson and James Chadwick, respectively. While these findings are truly
magnificent, J.J. Just as Thompson discovered the electron in 1897, they eventually
transformed John Dalton's model of atoms into solid spherical particles.
However, in
1933, Joliet-Curie and her husband were the first to discover the exact weight
of a neutron. Joliet-Curie continued to seek his name in the scientific
community. In doing so they developed a new theory from an interesting
experiment they conducted. During the experiment using alpha rays against
aluminum, only protons were detected. They proposed that protons be converted
into neutrons and positrons based on the undetectable electron and positron
pair. Then in October 1933, this new doctrine was taken to the Seventh Soul
Conference. The Soulway Conference consisted of prominent scientists from the
physics and chemistry community. Irene and her husband presented their theory
and conclusions to fellow scientists. But they received criticism from most of
the 46 scientists who attended. However they were later able to develop the
controversial theory.
In 1934,
Joliet-Curie finally made the discovery that sealed their place in scientific
history. Joliet-Curie, who built the work of Marie and Pierre Curie to isolate
naturally occurring radioactive elements, realized the alchemist's dream of
transforming one element into another. Formation of radioactive nitrogen from
boron, radioactive isotopes of phosphorus from aluminum and silicon from
magnesium, the natural stable isotope of aluminum with alpha particles (helium)
forming an unstable isotope of phosphorus. 27Al + 4He → 30P + 1n. This first
discovery is formally known as positron emission or beta decay. There a proton
in the radioactive nucleus turns into a neutron and emits a positron and an
electron neutrino.
Meanwhile, the
use of radioactive materials in medicine grew. This invention allowed the
production of radioactive materials quickly, cheaply, and in large quantities.
She and her husband, Frederick Joliet-Curie, discovered new radioactive
elements artificially and won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Their family
is proud to have won the most Nobel Prizes from a family to date. Joliet-Curie
was made professor of science. Irene Joliet Curie, daughter of Nobel Laureate
Marie Curie, died of leukemia on March 17, 1956 at Curie Hospital in Paris.
This may be due to polonium-210 radiation.
Source By:
Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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