Today (October 19, 1937) is the Memorial Day of Nobel Laureate Ernest Rutherford, the father of nuclear physics, who discovered the nucleus by alpha scattering.
Ernest Rutherford was born August 30, 1871, in Spring Grove, Nelson, New Zealand, to James Rutherford, a farmer. His father was from Scotland. His mother, Martha Thomson, was English. She is worked as a school teacher. In addition, according to his father's work, the whole family moved to different places from time to time and engaged in various activities and farming there. Born and raised in the village, Rutherford began his elementary education in public school. After going to school, their job is to milk the cows, roam around and tolerate fleas.
Rutherford received his first
science book when he was in school at the age of ten in Foxhill. He immediately
did the research found in the book and surprised the family. The teacher who
trained him was a village school teacher. Somewhat trained. He excelled in school.
He then received a scholarship in 1887 and attended college in Nelson. Studied
here for three years. Here for the second time he got the grant again. After
graduating from Nelson College, he studied at Canterbury College, University of
New Zealand from 1890 to 1894. In 1892, he studied mathematics, Latin, physics,
English, French, etc. A. He passed the undergraduate examination with
distinction.
He received a scholarship for
mathematics in New Zealand for his mathematical skills. He then joined the University
of Cambridge. Became a student of J.J Thomson who detected the
negative rays there. Here he did some research in physics. He developed a
device that could alternately run two circuits in a very short time. He was
fascinated by the electromagnet coil created by Tesla. He received his master's
degree in 1893. He graduated first class in mathematics, physics, mathematical
physics, electronics, and magnetism. After graduation he tried to become a
school teacher. But could not. In 1894 he received a scholarship on behalf of
the Exhibition Department. He joined Trinity College in Cambridge as a research
student. Trained as a research student under Thomson.
He received his doctorate in 1897 as a specially qualified research student. He was appointed Head of the Department of Physics, McDonald's of Physics, at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He took over in 1898. In 1900 he married Mary Newton. Returning to England in 1907, Rutherford became Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester. His first study was in New Zealand, examining the magnetic properties of iron. This is what changes in the magnetic properties of iron at high frequency fluctuations when it is at a high frequency wave. His next book, Magnetic Viscosity, was published by the New Zealand Institute. The next study was about a measuring instrument that measures time intervals. He developed a tool to detect electromagnetic waves.
He studied with Thompson on the
nature of ions in gases. Examined the changes they achieve when applying
X-rays. Many scholars at the time were involved in the study of radiation
molecules and their isolation in many countries. Rutherford was involved in a
similar study. Began to study the radiation of uranium. Explored changes in the
motion of ions according to the strength of the electric field. He explored the
properties of alpha beta rays emitted in uranium radiation. He continued this
study in Montreal. Seriously researched the exposure to alpha rays. When
researching the radiation of the element thorium he discovered that the isotope
of radon was 'thoron' when transmitted by a gas called 'radon'. Frederick
Soddy, along with Rutherford, researched radioactive decay.
Rutherford also co-authored with
Auto Hahn, who discovered nuclear fission rather than molecular properties.
During this study, Geiger developed an instrument to detect an alpha particle
and to calculate the radiation emitted from the radium. Following these
studies, he discovered that the atom had a nucleus, which contained alpha
particles. This is what was later named the proton. These studies, beginning
with him and later with Niles War, Max Planck, Mosley, Blackket, Cockcroft,
Walton, G. B. Thomson, Powell, Aston, Ellis and many other scholars have been
pursued and many facts have been discovered. His discoveries about the
transformation of molecules further enhanced his reputation.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was
awarded in 1908 for his research on radioactive elements and his discovery of
radioactive decay in elements. He discovered that the radiation emitted from
some atom is the spontaneously emitted radiation of the atom. He knew that
radioactive atoms take a certain amount of time to shrink from a certain size
to half of it. To this end, he established the idea that the life of a
radioactive atom is half-life. Who not only studied the structure of the atom
but also laid the foundation for the hypothesis that the atom could split. He
has been hailed as the 'father of nuclear physics' for discovering the
fundamental fact that an atom has a nucleus through the scattering of its gold
foil.
In 1914 he was awarded the Knight
Award of England. In 1925 he was awarded the Order of Merit. Elected a member
of the Royal Society, he served as its president from 1925 to 1930. He was
awarded the Rambord Medal, the Copley Medal, the Albert Medal and the Faraday
Medal. Many universities have honoured him with special doctoral degrees.
Ernest Rutherford died in Cambridge, England on October 19, 1937, at the age of
66, after discovering the fact that an atom has a nucleus by alpha scattering.
His body was found by the late scholars Lord Kelvin, Sir. Isaac Newton was
buried among their tombs.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant
Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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