Today (September 10, 1892) is the birthday of Arthur Holly Comton, winner of the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Camden effect, which explains the particulate matter of electromagnetic waves.

Today (September 10, 1892) is the birthday of Arthur Holly Comton, winner of the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Camden effect, which explains the particulate matter of electromagnetic waves. 

Arthur Holly Compton was born on September 10, 1892, in Ohio, Ohio. After completing his elementary education, he attended college and received a bachelor's degree in science in 1913, and a master's degree in 1914 from Princeton University. He received his doctorate in 1916. In his early days at Princeton, Camden devised an elegant method of proving the rotation of the earth. But he soon began his research in the field of X-Race. He developed the theory of X-ray reflection intensity from crystals as a tool to study the arrangement of electrons and atoms. Also in 1918 he studied X-ray scattering. 

The discovery of an increase in X - ray radiation in 1922 indicates that the scattered quanta have less energy than the original beam line due to the scattering of radiation by free electrons. This effect, now known as the "Comton effect". This clearly explains the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation. CDR Wilson can then show traces of electrons again in his cloud chamber. Another proof of the reality of this phenomenon was created by accident (Camden and AV Simon) and in Germany by W. Bode and H. Jaeger. 

Compton scattering, when scattered by X-ray material, has a phenomenon where the wavelength is shifted to a longer side than the X-ray. Additionally the event will have the same wavelength as the X-ray. In 1923 A.H. Compton invented the mechanism using a photon hypothesis and gave it based on its robust experiment. That is, when the X-ray photon collides with the electron in the object, the electron receives a portion of the photon's energy and leaves the atom (electron return) and the photon decreases with increasing energy (increasing the wavelength). If X-rays occur in an object, the Thompson scattering occurs in addition to the Compton scattering along with the change in wavelength. But as the wavelength gets longer, the Thompson scattering gets bigger. 

Compton played a major role in the Mankaton team involved in the production of the first nuclear weapons during World War II. In 1942 he was appointed head of the Metallurgical Laboratory. The laboratory also played a key role in the production of nuclear reactors that convert uranium into plutonium. Compton was on the 1945 panel approving the use of the atomic bomb against Japan. From 1945 to 1953 he served as secretary of the University of Washington in St. Louis. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his discovery of the particulate matter of electromagnetic waves. He received medals such as the Matucci Medal (1930), the Franklin Medal (1940), and the Youssef Medal (1940).

 

Nobel Prize-winning American physicist Arthur Holly Camden passed away on March 15, 1962, in Perugali, California, USA. The Compton crater on the moon was named for Compton and his brother Carl. The Physics Research Building at the University of Washington in St. Louis is named in his memory. NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Laboratory is named after Compton. The Compton Effect is central to gamma-ray detection tools.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.