Today (December 11, 1882) is the birthday of Max Born, winner of the Nobel Prize in contributions to Solid State Physics and Optics.
Max Born was born on December 11, 1882, in
Germany. Born entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the
three renowned mathematicians Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann
Minkowski. He wrote his PhD thesis on the subject of "Stability of
Elastica in a Plane and Space", winning the University's Philosophy
Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the
atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to a discussion of how an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen,
which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.
In the First World War, after originally
being placed as a radio operator, he was moved to research duties regarding
sound ranging due to his specialist knowledge. In 1921, Born returned to
Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James
Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for
physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics
representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the
now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the
Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His
influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge,
Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim,
Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under
Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg,
Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon
Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.
In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to
power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended from his
professorship at the University of Göttingen. He emigrated to the United
Kingdom, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a
popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which
soon became a standard textbook. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor
of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with
German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his
research into physics. Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August
1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained in Edinburgh
until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany, and died in hospital in
Göttingen on 5 January 1970.
Max Born was instrumental in the development
of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and
optics and supervised the work of several notable physicists in the 1920s
and 1930s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental
research in quantum mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of
the wave function". Nobel
laureate Max Born passed away on January 5, 1970, in Gottingen, Germany, at the
age of 87.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of
Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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