Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (January 8, 1642) is the Memorial Day of Galileo Galilei, the father of modern physics, who played a pivotal role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.

Friday, January 8, 2021

Today (January 8, 1642) is the Memorial Day of Galileo Galilei, the father of modern physics, who played a pivotal role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.

Today (January 8, 1642) is the Memorial Day of Galileo Galilei, the father of modern physics, who played a pivotal role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. He was the first of six children born to renowned flautist and composer Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammanati. He chose to learn flute music from his father. Doubts over further established theories from the father must have had a grip on the value of well-defined test results and the conclusions that mathematics and experiment would produce. When Galileo Galilei was eight years old and his family emigrated to Florence, Jacobo was left for two years with Porcini. It is then 35 km southeast of Florence. Kamaltoles was educated at the convent in Vallampurosa, in the distance. Galileo first joined the University of Pisa to study medicine. In 1581, while studying medicine, one day, he noticed that the chandelier swings like a single pendulum in large and small oscillations.

As he kept his heart rate he saw that the chandelier was taking one wave at the same time in the big wave and the small wave. When he returned to his house he saw two separate pendulums of the same length wandering at different levels and they were both moving at the same time. It was only after this that Christian Icons developed an accurate clock using this protocol. So far in his life, he has been away from math studies. Because at that time a mathematician was able to earn less money than a physicist. But after listening to a lecture on geometry, he persuaded his father to study mathematics himself. He then developed the prototype of the thermometer). In 1586 he published a book on the hydraulic scales he had discovered. This is what introduced him to the world of science for the first time.

In 1589, he was appointed professor of "mathematical cot" at the University of Pisa. Galileo's father died in 1591. So he took on the responsibility of looking after his brother Michelangelo. In 1592, Galileo joined the University of Padua and taught geometry, mechanics and astronomy until 1610. During this time Galileo made several discoveries in the pure basic sciences (kinetics, astronomy) and process science (the strength of objects, the development of the telescope). In 1615, Archbishop Bellarmine Copernicus stated that for the heliocentric theory to be adopted, it must first be established that the sun does not objectively revolve around the earth and that the earth revolves around the sun. Galileo considered his reading theory to be the objective proof that the earth stops working. Given the greatness of this theory, he changed the title of his book, The Conversation of the Two Great World Systems, to The Conversation of Ocean rising and Flow. The seafaring quote was removed from the book's title after Galileo's house arrest.

Galileo Galilei | Mr. Leverett's World History planets.gif (550×400) | Solar system gif, Galaxy drawings, Sistema solar

As the Earth orbits the Sun on its inclined axis, the speed of its rotation increases and decreases, which, according to Galileo, creates a tidal wave in the seawater and creates ocean currents. He first sent his doctrine to Archbishop Arsini in 1616. His theory was the first to explain the effect of the ocean on the shape and time of appearance of the oceans. He correctly described the lack of warmth in the middle of the Adriatic Sea and the formation of roughness at the ends, although it failed as a general principle for runners. If this theory is correct then one day an upheaval must occur. Galileo and others were aware of the present. In Venice, two rides a day were known to occur at 12-hour intervals. Galileo ignored this mutation and said that the condition was caused by other factors, such as oceanography and seasickness. Confirming Galileo's arguments to be false, Einstein suggested that Galileo had developed these subtle arguments to establish objectively the rotation of the earth without proof. Galileo ignored his contemporary Johannes Kepler's claim that the moon's gravitational pull caused tides. And Galileo was not interested in the elliptical orbits of Kepler's planets.

In 1619 Galileo came into conflict with Oracio Grossi, a professor of mathematics at the Roman Roman College. It first began as a discussion of the nature of comets, and after Galileo published his treatise in 1623, it eventually expanded into a paradox about the nature of science. The first page of the book mentions him as the foremost mathematician and philosopher of the Tsukkani Empire. This book is considered to be Galileo's scientific policy statement, as it is rich in ideas on the scientific practice of the book. In early 1619, Pastor Crazy published an unnamed pamphlet, The Astronomical Debate on the Three Comets of 1618. It was lazy about the nature of the comet that appeared in November of the previous year. In it, Crazy came to the conclusion that the comet was a fiery celestial body operating at a constant distance from Earth. He also announced that it should be located farther away from the moon as it is slower than the moon.

Biography of Galileo Galilei | Simply Knowledge

Galileo was the first scientist to explain the laws of physics very clearly in mathematics. Galileo developed a telescope in 1609 with a magnification of 3x. He then developed telescopes up to 30x magnification. Through a Galilean telescope, the viewer can see large upright images. Galileo used this to explore the sky. He was one of the very few people in those days who could make good telescopes for this need. On August 25, 1609, he described to Venetian lawmakers his telescope, which had a magnification of about 8 or 9. Galileo made money by donating his telescopes to seafarers. The merchants saw the telescopes in good use at sea. He published his early telescopic astronomical observations in March 1610 in a short dissertation entitled Citrus Nuncius.

On January 7, 1610, Galileo saw three stars near Jupiter. In the following nights, he noticed that these "stars" were moving relative to Jupiter. He, therefore, discovered that they were not static stars. On January 10 he found one of them missing. He thought it must have been hidden behind Jupiter. So he found that all three must be the moons of Jupiter. He discovered the moon on the fourth Thursday, January 13th. Later astronomers proudly named these four positions Galilean moons. These moons are now known as Io, Europe, Canymet and Callisto. His observations of Jupiter caused a revolution in astronomy. Until then, Aristotle's idea that all astronomical objects orbit the earth dominated the world. And at first, a lot of astronomers refused to believe this. His studies were said to have been corrected by the research centre of Christopher Clavius. Then when he went to Rome in 1611 he was received by a hero. Galileo continued to observe the satellites for the next eighteen months, and in mid-1611 he obtained remarkably accurate estimates of them. Kepler thought such a thing was not possible.

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Galileo was one of the first Europeans to observe the black spots of the sun. Kepler unknowingly saw this in 1607. But then he thought it was Mercury. He made an observation that Mercury was previously misunderstood during the Charlemagne era that it was actually the black spot of the sun. The displacement of the Sun's black dots supported Kepler's claim that the Sun rotates. And Francesco Cicci's observations on the black dot shattered Ptolemy's astronomical claims. Through his telescope, Thomas Harriet already saw the light on the moon not spreading as it should have if it had been a compact orb. But due to his ignorance, he did not understand it properly. Galileo understood that changes in the scattering of that light were exactly what the mountains and pits on the moon were like. In his study, he drew topological maps of the moon. He also predicted the height of the moon's mountains. It was then revealed that the moon was not a fantastic orb as Aristotle had long claimed.

Since September 1610, Galileo has observed that the silver moon showed similar dimensions. The heliocentric model created by Nicholas Copernicus suggests that Venus orbits the Sun so that all its moon-like dimensions can be seen. But this cannot be explained by Ptolemy's earthly model. Thus the earthly principle was thus shattered. Yet this can be explained by the principle of half solar and half earth without the need for a full solar policy. So a lot of astronomers first switched to half solar and half earth theory and then to the full solar policy as a result of other arguments. Galileo observed Saturn. And at first, it mistakenly thought its rings were planets. Galileo saw the planet Neptune in 1612. It was mentioned in his manuals as one of the dim stars. He did not know it was a planet. But he had noticed that it was moving compared to the stars before he lost sight of it.

Venus GIF - Find on GIFER

Between 1595 and 1598, Galileo developed a geometric and military compass. For military personnel, it was used not only to properly raise artillery but also to determine how much ammunition was needed. In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. He made this possible by using the expansion and contraction of air in a lamp to create movement in the water in a tube attached to it. Galileo's student Vincenzo Viviani wrote a biography of Galileo. In it, he dropped objects of different weights from the sloping tower of the penny and showed that they both take the same time to come down. This refuted the claim that the time taken for Aristotle's objects to fall depends on their weight. Galileo had assumed that when an object falls it will fall with a uniform velocity if it falls in a vacuum. Galileo also accurately predicted the law of kinetics (d ∝ t 2) for an object to begin at rest and move at a constant velocity. He has also made many contributions in the pure fields of physics and mathematics.

Best Heliocentric GIFs | Gfycat Geocentric to Heliocentric Video on Make a GIF

He played a very important role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. Galileo is proudly called the "Father of Vision Astronomy", the "Father of Modern Physics", and the "Father of Modern Science". His major contributions to optical astronomy were confirming the different faces of Venus through telescopes, discovering Jupiter's four major moons (called Galileo's moons in his glory), and observing and exploring sunspots. Galileo's solar system was not accepted by others during his lifetime. A lot of astronomers opposed this theory. At the time, most astronomers were adopting a geopolitical or Tychonic system. Galileo later provided extensive evidence for his heliocentric theory in his book, The Conversations of the Two Primordial Worldviews. He was placed under house arrest by the Catholic Church from 1642 until his death for exposing to the public the Christian belief that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun.

Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest. It was while Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote two of his greatest works, The Final, Two New Sciences. In this book, he has compiled his research on the fields of dialectics, now known as the strength of materials, which he conducted forty years ago. He later died of fever and heart attack on January 8, 1642, at the age of 77 in Archeology, Italy. The Tsukkani emperor, Ferdinando II, wanted to bury a marble monument in the main area of the basilica in Santa Croce, where his father and ancestor were buried.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.