Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (January 8, 1891) is the birthday of Walther Bothe, the Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist who developed the first functional cyclotron in Germany.

Friday, January 8, 2021

Today (January 8, 1891) is the birthday of Walther Bothe, the Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist who developed the first functional cyclotron in Germany.

Today (January 8, 1891) is the birthday of Walther Bothe, the Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist who developed the first functional cyclotron in Germany.

Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe was born on January 8, 1891, the son of Frederick Bothe and Charlotte Hartung. From 1908 to 1912 he studied at Frederick-Willems-University. In 1913 he joined the Reach Institute of Physics and Technology (PDR) as a training assistant to Max Planck at the newly developed laboratory for radiation. He received his doctorate in 1914 under the supervision of Planck. In 1913, he joined the newly established Radiology Laboratory at the Institute of Physics and Technology of the German Empire. He served in the German army during World War I in 1914 and was taken prisoner of war by the Russians. He then returned to Germany in 1920. Returning to work in the radiology laboratory, he developed coincidence methods for the study of nuclear reactions and used them to study nuclear reactions, the Camden effect, cosmic rays, the wave-particle duality of radiation, and so on.

In 1930 he became a full-time professor and director of the Department of Physics at Keisen University. In 1932, he became director of the Institute of Physics and Radiology at the University of Heidelberg. He was expelled from this position by elements of the Deutsche Physic movement. To prevent immigration from Germany, he was appointed director of the physics institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Medical Research (KWImF) in Heidelberg. There, he built the first operational cyclotron in Germany. He also became a president of the German nuclear program, also known as the Uranium Club. It was started in 1939 under the supervision of the Army Command Office. The great patriot Walther Pothe was a prolific painter and pianist.

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By the end of 1937, Bothe and Gentner's rapid successes with the building and research applications of the Van de Graff generator led to the consideration of building a cyclotron. Led to the ordering of a magnet from Siemens in 1938. However, further funding became problematic. During this time, Gentner continued his research on nuclear photo factivity. With the help of the Van de Graf generator, it was upgraded to produce energies below 1 M.V. After completing his research series on 7Li (p, gamma) and 11B (p, gamma) reactions and the nuclear isomer 80Br, Gentner devoted his entire effort to building the planned cyclotron. To facilitate cyclotron construction, in late 1938 and 1939, with the help of the Helmholtz-Kesselseft Co., Gentner was sent to the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. Berkeley, California. As a result of the visit, Gentner Emilio G.Formed a collaborative relationship with Secrecy and Donald Cookie.

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After a warship between France and Germany in the summer of 1940, Bothe and Gentner received orders to explore the cyclotron Frederick Joliet-Curie, built in Paris. Although it was built, it is not yet operational. In September 1940, Gentner received orders to form a team to activate the cyclotron. Hermann Dunzer of the University of Frankfurt took part in the effort. While in Paris, Gentner was able to free both Frederick Joliet-Curie and Paul Lange, who had been arrested and detained. At the end of the winter of 1941/1942, the cyclotron operated with a 7-MeV beam of the deuteron. Uranium and thorium were irradiated by the beam. It was not until 1941 that Bothe bought all the funds needed to complete the construction of the cyclotron. The magnet was delivered in March 1943, and the first beam of Deuteron was ejected in December. The inaugural ceremony for the cyclotron took place on June 2, 1944. Despite other cyclotrons in construction, Potash was the first functional cyclotron in Germany.

In 1946, he was director of the physics institute at KWIMF and was re-appointed as a professor at the University of Heidelberg. He shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics with Max Bourne for his discovery of coincidences. From 1956 to 1957 he was a member of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in Germany. Walther Bothe, who developed the first functional cyclotron in Germany, left Heidelberg, West Germany, on February 8, 1957, at the age of 66. Within a year of Bothe's death, his physics firm at KWIMF was elevated to the status of a new entity under the Max Planck Society. It later became the Max Planck Institute for Atomic Physics. Its main building was later renamed the Bothe Laboratory.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.