Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (February 17, 1888) is the birthday of Otto Stern, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on atoms and the nuclear nucleus.

Wednesday, February 17, 2021

Today (February 17, 1888) is the birthday of Otto Stern, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on atoms and the nuclear nucleus.

Today (February 17, 1888) is the birthday of Otto Stern, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on atoms and the nuclear nucleus.

Otto Stern was born on February 17, 1888, in Zohara, Germany to a Jewish family. His father Oscar Stern is a plant owner. The father bought his son all the books he needed to develop his interest in mathematics and science. His parents settled in P. Wrestle when he was four years old. That is where he went to school. He studied many disciplines of science to choose subjects for higher studies. Became interested in molecular theory and thermodynamics. In 1906 he studied physics and chemistry at Presley University. He received his doctorate in 1912 for his research in theory and experimental methods on the osmotic diffusion of carbon dioxide into concentrated liquids. He later worked as an assistant lecturer in physical chemistry at the Universities of Prague and Zurich.

He has been interested in experimental physics since 1919. He later worked as a physics lecturer at Frankfurt University. He co-authored with Max Bonn, a world-renowned scientist, and published articles on the surface energy of solids. In 1923 he became a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Hamburg. Explored thermodynamics and quantum theory. Together with Gerlach, he researched the deflection of atoms in the magnetic moment by the action of magnetic fields. This was referred to as the Stern-Gerlach test. Measured the magnetic torque of subatomic particles, including protons. He worked with Osterman to study hydrogen and helium gases and to discover the wave nature of atomic molecules.

After the Nazis came to power in 1933, he was forced to leave Germany. He accepted the invitation from the United States and went there. He was appointed professor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh and a researcher at the Laboratory for Molecular Research. Continuing his research here, he realized that he needed to provide evidence for the basic concepts used in molecular theory. For this, he developed a molecular-beam system. His discovery of the molecular beam system greatly aided research on molecules, atoms, and the nuclear nucleus. In particular, they aided experiments on the velocity distribution of gases. He was the second person to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1985-1945 with 82 nominations. Most often the nominee is Arnold Sommerfeld with 84 nominations. He was eventually awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943 for his research on atoms and the nuclear nucleus.

After retiring from the Stern Carnegie Institute of Technology, he moved to Berkeley, California. U.C. He was a regular observer of physics talks in Berkeley. Nobel laureate Otto Stern died of a heart attack in Berkeley, USA on August 17, 1969, at the age of 81. He and Gerlach were named in the Stern-Gerlock- Medaille of Deutsche Physicalse Kesselcept, awarded for their excellence in experimental physics.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.