Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (February 19, 1941) is the birthday of David Jonathan Gross, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of quantum chromodynamics.

Friday, February 19, 2021

Today (February 19, 1941) is the birthday of David Jonathan Gross, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of quantum chromodynamics.

Today (February 19, 1941) is the birthday of David Jonathan Gross, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of quantum chromodynamics.

David Jonathan Gross was born on February 19, 1941, in Washington, DC, USA to a Jewish family. His parents were Nora (Faine) and Bertram Myron Gross. Gross received his bachelor's degree and master's degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, in 1962. He received his PhD in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1966, under the supervision of Geoffrey Chew. He was a Junior Fellow at Harvard University and a Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at Princeton University until 1997 when he began serving as Princeton's Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics Emeritus. He has received many honours, including a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1987, the Dirac Medal in 1988 and the Harvey Prize in 2000.

He has been a central figure in particle physics and string theory. In 1973, Professor Gross, working with his first graduate student, Frank Wilczek, at Princeton University, discovered asymptotic freedom—the primary feature of non-Abelian gauge theories—led Gross and Wilczek to the formulation of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong nuclear force. Asymptotic freedom is a phenomenon where the nuclear force weakens at short distances, which explains why experiments at very high energy can be understood as if nuclear particles are made of non-interacting quarks. The flip side of asymptotic freedom is that the force between quarks grows stronger as one tries to separate them. Therefore, the closer quarks are to each other, the less the strong interaction (or colour charge) is between them; when quarks are in extreme proximity, the nuclear force between them is so weak that they behave almost as free particles. This is the reason why the nucleus of an atom can never be broken into its quark constituents.

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QCD completed the Standard Model, which details the three basic forces of particle physics—the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force. Gross was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Politzer and Wilczek, for this discovery. Gross, with Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm also formulated the theory of the heterotic string. The four were whimsically nicknamed the "Princeton String Quartet."He continues to do research in this field at the KITP. In 2003, Gross was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto, however, Gross is not an atheist. Gross is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Image result for quarks gif

In 2015, Gross signed the Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change on the final day of the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part of the successful COP21 climate summit in Paris.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.