Today (August 29, 1943) is the
birthday of Nobel laureate Arthur Bruce McDonald, the inventor of neutrino
waves.
Arthur Bruce McDonald was born on
August 29, 1943, in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He studied Bachelor of Physics (B.Sc)
in 1964 and Master of Physics (M.Sc) in 1965 at the University of Dalhousie in
Nova Scotia. He then completed his research (Ph.D.) in Physics in 1969 from the
California Institute of Technology. McDonald, a high school math teacher and
his first-year physics professor at Dalhousie, said he was inspired to pursue a
career in physics. McDonald worked as a research officer at the Zach River
Atomic Energy Laboratories in northwestern Ottawa from 1969 to 1982. From 1982
to 1989 he was a Professor of Physics at Princeton University. He left Princeton
and became a professor at Queen's University from 1989 to 2013.
McDonald became Emeritus in 2013
as a professor at Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He continues to work
on basic research on neutrinos and dark matter at the SNOLAB Underground
Laboratory. He is also a member of the Board of the Perimeter Institute for
Theoretical Physics. McDonald was a visiting scientist at the European Atomic
Research Institute (CERN) in Geneva in 2004. Physicists are investigating
whether neutrinos have mass. Since the late 1960s, experiments have shown that
neutrinos may have a mass. Theoretical models of the sun predict that neutrinos
must be produced in large numbers.
Neutrino discoverers on Earth
have repeatedly seen fewer than the number of neutrinos. Since neutrinos come
in three types (electron, muon, and dove neutrinos), solar neutrino inventors
are primarily sensitive only to electron neutrinos. The preferred explanation
over the years is that those “missing” neutrinos have changed. Inventors
oscillate in a way that is small or insensitive. If a neutrino oscillates,
according to the laws of quantum mechanics, it must have a mass. Herb Chen, a
McDonald's collaborator, in 1984 at the University of California, Irvine,
suggested the benefits of using heavy water as detection for solar neutrinos.
Unlike previous inventors, the
use of heavy water. The detector is sensitive to two reactions, one reaction is
sensitive to all neutrino tastes and the other is sensitive only to the
electron neutrino. Therefore, such a finder can directly measure neutrino
oscillations. Chen, McDonald & Co. created the Sutbury Neutrino Laboratory
(SNO) in 1984 to apply this idea.
A tunnel would require 1000 tons of 6,800 feet (2,100 m) underground to facilitate detection using heavy water outside the SNO. Sen died of leukemia in November 1987. The Sutbury Neutrino Laboratory, led by McDonald, observed that electron neutrinos oscillate directly from the Sun into the Muon and Dow neutrinos. McDonald won the Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2007 and the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2015 for his discovery of neutrino oscillations and for proving that neutrinos have mass.
Neutrino is one of the basic
particles of an atom. These include the basics in the family called meninges.
Neutrinos are as inert as any other particle neutron in the nucleus.
Electromagnetic field forces cause changes such as negative or positive. But
neutrinos are not affected in any way. So it does not have electricity. In
September 2011 it was discovered that microscopes could travel faster than
light. Many objections arose to the results of this study. If this is true then
the interpretation of Einstein's theory of relativity may be different.
The study was conducted in
October 2011 and re-established that microenvironments are the fastest.
However, another group conducted a similar study in November 2011 and argued
that it was flawed. However, a report released in February 2012 suggested that
the error may have been caused by a fiber optic cord that was loosely fitted
with an atomic clock that measured the emission and arrival times of neutrinos
during the aforementioned experiment. The same experiment was tested again in
March 2012 in the same laboratory and found no differences in the velocities of
neutrinos and light.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant
Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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Also, Read
🛑👍 CSIR-NET Physics Materials and Problems
🛑📕 21 GB and Hundreds of Physics E-Books Collection.
🛑🛥️ How does an Electric Motor work? (DC Motor).
🛑🤹♂️ Science Academies' Summer Research Fellowship Programme for Students and Teachers 2022.
🛑🔌 How does a Transformer work - Working Principle electrical engineering.
🛑🎙️ Transistors Explained - How transistors work.
🛑🔥⚡ How Thermocouples Work - basic working principle.
🛑🔌 Voltage Explained - What is Voltage? Basic electricity potential difference
🛑🔌 What is CURRENT– electric current explained, electricity basics.
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