Today (September 30, 1870) is the
birthday of Nobel Prize-winning French-American physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin
who confirmed the Albert Einstein's atomicity of matter.
Jean Baptiste Perrin was born on
September 30, 1870, in Lille, France. His father was an army officer. He died a
heroic death in the French-Prussian War. So his mother suffered a lot to raise
Perrin and his two sisters. Beren began his education at a local public school.
He later completed his degree at the ‘Lycee Johnson de Ceili’ College in Paris.
He enlisted in the army in 1891 due to compulsory military service. It was
during this training that he became interested in physics. In 1897, Perrin
married Enrique Duportel. They had a son and two daughters.
In 1894-97, Bern joined Ecole
Normale as a physics assistant. At that time, he was involved in the study of
negative rays, X-rays. He presented them as a dissertation and obtained a
doctorate in physics. Scientists then did not accept that negative rays emanate
from the negative mouth when discharged into a vacuum tube. These rays are made
up of negative particles. Disagreements also arose as to whether they were
published in wave form. In the Perren studies of 1895, the most important
conclusion was that the negative rays were deflected in a magnetic field. These
are the opposite electrodes. He sought to find the ratio between the
charge-mass of these particles. But J. J. Thompson found it in front of him.
In physics in 1901, Brownian
began to study motion and molecules. In 1928, Robert Brown wrote that
'submerged pollen continues to run erratically.' He said that. In 1905 Albert
Einstein gave the explanation based on particle physics. ‘These are driven by water
molecules. The distance traveled by a particle increases with the square of the
time between them. As mentioned. Necessary adjustments were made to
temperature, particle size, and working fluid, and Einstein clearly explained
how particles work at a given time. In 1908, Perin confirmed Einstein's ideas
through research.
Sophisticated microscopes
developed in 1903 by scientists Richard Zeigmandy and Henry Siedentop greatly
aided these studies. Using Einstein's equations, he also calculated the volume of
the water molecule and the solid value for the avocado number. He was awarded
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926 for these studies. In 1913 he published a
book entitled Atoms. In addition to his research, the book deals with
radiochemistry, black radiology, and the completeness of molecules. By 1936,
several editions had been printed and sold about 30,000 copies. The book has
been translated into many languages. Perrin published many books like this. J.
J. Thompson used his tools to publish his results. He was a lecturer in the
Department of Physical Chemistry at the University of Paris in Sorbonne. Then
became head of the department.
He received the Jules Prize of
the Royal Society in 1896, the Matteoki Medal by the Royal Society in 1911, the
Vallauri Prize of Bologna in 1912, and the La Caze Prize by the Paris Academy
of Sciences in 1914. He has been awarded honorary doctorates by the
universities of Brussels, Lyke, Chem, Kolkata, New York, Priscilla, Manchester
and Oxford. He was accepted as a member by the Royal Society, and by scientific
institutes in Belgium, Sweden, Brexit, and Romania. He was awarded prestigious
titles by the Governments of England and Belgium. He set out to establish a
national center in France for the study of scientists.
During the war of 1914-18 he
served as commander-in-chief of the Engineer Corps. He fled to the United
States in 1040 when the Germans invaded. Confirming Albert Einstein's
explanation and confirming the atomic nature of the material, San Patein Bernen
passed away on April 17, 1942 in New York, USA at the age of 71. After the war
in 1948, his belongings were taken home and buried. Postage stamps were issued
in his honor.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant
Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
