Today (October 18, 1931) is the Memorial Day of Thomas Alva Edison, the creative genius who invented 1093 scientific instruments, including electric light, sound, and screen camera.

Today (October 18, 1931) is the Memorial Day of Thomas Alva Edison, the creative genius who invented 1093 scientific instruments, including electric light, sound, and screen camera. 

Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. Edison's parents are middle class. Father Samuel Edison was an American. Mother Nancy Edison is a Canadian woman of Scottish descent. He was a school teacher. To them Edison was the seventh and last born. Edison's family later moved to the port of Uron, Michigan. For Thomas Edison, the ability to hear at an early age greatly affected his later gait habits and led to many new creations. In 1840 his father, Samuel Edison, started a small timber business in Milan. Samuel then worked as a lighthouse keeper at Port Huron, Michigan, and as a carpenter at the Gradiat Castle military base. 

Thomas Edison suffered from scarlet fever at an early age and went to school at Port Horan at the age of eight. One day three months later, his schooling ended because the teacher scolded him for having a 'brain disorder'. So his mother dropped out of school and taught him lessons herself. Edison was educated at home for three years by his mother, a schoolteacher. Thomas' father, Samuel, encouraged him to read the Bible and mythology, along with reading, writing, and arithmetic. By giving ten cents at the end of each story, Thomas soon chose to learn several texts. He was more interested in reading and singing poetry. He was 11 years old when he went to the library and learned to pick up the reference book he needed.

                                 

Edison has been interested in situational devices since he was seven years old. At the age of nine, he finished reading Richard Parker's book 'Natural & Experimental Philosophy'. At the age of thirteen, he studied the works of Thomas Paine and Isaac Newton's Theory. At the age of 21, he completed a one-line in-depth reading of Michael Faraday's newspaper 'Training Research in Power'. These made a huge difference in his life. In action, they formed the basis for Edison's ability to comprehend experiments. Edison, who had no formal knowledge of mathematical knowledge or the science of science, tried many repetitive experiments and created many rare technological tools. In the early 1860s Edison got a job as a telegraph operator at a train station. Thomas is known for his high speed telegraphy. His first inventions were telegraph-related instruments such as the telegraph. And then worked in the union office with Wes. Edison continued his research on the job. But once he had a carbon-acid storage tank, the sulphuric acid in it spilled out and into the room where Thomas' boss was. His work faded.

                         

He then sold crumbs and candies at the train station. Cut the pig for some time. Did vegetable business. In 1862 he converted a boxcar train into a printing press and printed the weekly newspaper The Weekly Erald. That, too, applied for the first patent on October 28, 1868 (electronic ballot). Thomas moved to Newark, New Jersey, to pursue his career as a full-time inventor. Edison set up his laboratory at Menlo Park in New Jersey. Tudinada, a series of uploading stock market points, developed advanced telegraph equipment. But the instrument that made Edison famous was the audio recorder he made in 1877. He was later awarded the title of "Menlo Park Genius". In 1859, Edison dropped out of school at the age of twelve and joined the Detroit-Port Horan train station as a newspaper salesman. At the time, the Detroit Central Train Station was trying to track train traffic by telegraph. Taking advantage of the opportunity, he applied for a job and entered the Telegraph in 1863.

                                             

His deafness did not affect his work in any way, as the telegrams were recorded as dots and lines. Record dotted lines must have been read and understood by someone at the time, translated into English and handwritten. For six years Edison carried out the same work in the United States, in the southwest, in New England, and in Canada. He then demonstrated his first creative ability by designing a telegraph to facilitate this work. In 1869, at the age of 22, he connected a 'dual telegraph device' to a recording device and sent two messages simultaneously, on the same wire. He also set up to automatically transcribe telegraph signals into words. Edison left his telegraph job and moved to New York City to work full-time. There he collaborated with "Frank Pope" to develop the 'Edison Universal Stock Printer', and other printing tools. From 1870-1875 he was in charge of arranging the Automatic Telegraph in New Jersey, New Jersey, Western Union. The device, which ran in chemical motion, greatly complicated the transmission of the signal. In order to fix it, Edison had to improve his chemical knowledge. As a result of that research, devices such as the Electric Pen and the Mimeograph were developed. The workshop also led to the discovery of the Edison Phonograph.

                                        

As Edison sought to invent new tools, many other rare tools appeared in between. One of them is a device called a 'Carbon Transmitter'. Unexpectedly in 1877, one of Edison's technological pioneering devices was the gramophone. Leon Scott from France wrote in a book the theory that 'if every sound could be recorded on a plate, it would be as unique as an acronym'. This is what is called phonography. To prove Ack's theory, Edison attached a needle to his charcoal transmitter and recorded the soundtracks on paraffin paper. To his amazement, the soundtracks were invisible, twisted and finely drawn on paper. Then the needle was inserted into the soundtrack, and when it was heard through the loudspeaker, the recorded sound echoed in the ear. Edison next recorded an audio trace around a tin sheet on a cylinder. In December 1877, Edison named it the Tinfoil Phonograph. But it took him ten years to move from his audio record laboratory to the business world.

                                 

In Edison's time, gas lamps were used on street poles. For fifty years 'electric lighting' has been a dream of many and a failure for aspiring creative engineers. That's when scientists began to do a lot of research on 'electric lighting'. During a solar eclipse on July 29, 1878, several American scientists went to do some research on the Rocky Mountains. They needed an instrument to measure the heat difference raised by the ‘solar flare’ during the eclipse. Edison made a device called a 'micrometer' using a carbon button device. The device can control the current flowing through the wire. Edison was then interested in making an electric lamp using this method. J.P., who started the 'Edison Electric Lighting Company' for his research on Edison lighting. The Morgan team paid $ 30,000 in advance. In December 1878, Francis Upton, a 26-year-old science graduate from Princeton University, joined the Edison Study Group. All the mathematical and physical science tricks unknown to Edison were acquired by Edison through the young Francis.

                 

Edison was the first to use an insulated metal wire for lighting. If there was an overhaul of the current going around the electric team, all the lights would go out if one of the electric lights was repaired. Since Edison tied the lamps in parallel and reduced the amount of current, the repair of one lamp did not affect the other lamps. Edison's team used platinum wire in a coil vacuum bubble to illuminate at a controlled current and create the first light bulb. Organized by the Department of Commerce for the first 'electric lighting system' in January 1881, it took place at the Hind & Ketsum Press in New York. Located in Manhattan, New York, the world's first commercial 'central power company' was established under the direct supervision of Edison. It has been in operation since September 1882. Then came the development of the lighting system, and then the fame of the creative genius Edison spread all over the world, sparkling all over the place, such as large restaurants, theaters, shopping malls, and shops. In the meantime, in 1879, Edison and Upton completed enough research to build the first electric storage tank. When powered by mechanical energy, voltage is created in the electric storage tank and electricity is available at the wire end. Edison demonstrated that an electric motor, which negatively affects the voltage at the ends of an electric storage tank, would power the same device. This is also his first record.

                 

When the lamp was burning, a vacuum bulb surrounded the positive pole of the coil wire with a kind of blue glow. When Edison recorded the bubble in 1883, the show was renamed the Edison Effect. Fifteen years later, in 1898, J.J. Thompson was the first to discover the 'opposite electron particle'. It was only after that that scientists interpreted the Edison effect. That is, when electrons travel from the hot tip to the cold tip by thermionic emission, such a blue light is emitted at the positive terminal. This paved the way for the 'electronics industry' to pave the way for the emergence of the 'Electron Tube'. Edison wanted electric lights to illuminate the homes and streets of New York City where he lived at the time. But no one, including other scientists, believed that his wish would come true at a time when he was using only gas and oil lamps. Scientists have categorically stated three of their views against Edison. 

1. Electricity cannot be distributed to many places. 

2. Even so, owning one is still beyond the reach of the average person. 

3. Electric lighting is not as cheap as case light. 

There was truth in what they said because science was so developed at that time. Edison's ideology is that if there are no ways they must be created. He read every book and article that would help his research. In two hundred notes, over 40,000 pages, he researched his ideas and drawings.

                             

At last his dream came true. New York City is proud to be the first city in the world to be illuminated by electric lights. He had begun other research in his laboratory when journalists and scientists flocked to admire him. When asked by reporters about his tremendous research success, he smiled and said: "I do not want to waste time talking about yesterday's discovery." Edison's success is 1 percent knowledge, 99 percent hard work.” Edison, who had succeeded in researching the village phone soundtrack, was next involved in the attempt to create a film camera in the 1880s. Edison used the research efforts he had made up to that time to create a moving film camera, and the creations of experts working under him. This idea has been with Edison for ten years. Edison once said of it: 'It has already dawned on me in my imagination. Just as the phonograph treats music to the ear, so the 'moving image' can treat the human eye. 'I can make a talking picture' by combining phonograph sound with film shooting equipment.

                 

The man who helped bring out the first moving film, W.K.L. Dixon. The kinetoscope was Edison's first filmmaker in 1888. But the film seemed a bit blurry. Fries-Green, who lived in Britain in 1889, used a tape recorder to make portraits. The same tape was used a few years ago by George Eastman in the United States to capture photographs on that tape. For the first time, Edison expanded the kinetoscope of imagery, rotating a fifty-foot-long image reel with an electric motor, and displaying images on a silver screen through a magnifying glass. Edison recorded the film in 1891 in the United States. Edison, who holds the patent for a record 1093 inventions in his name, is considered one of the greatest inventors of all time. Edison holds licenses in several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He started the Motion Picture Patent Company, a consortium of nine major film studios, commonly known as the Edison Trust.

                 

Thomas Alva Edison, the creative genius who invented 1093 scientific instruments, passed away on October 18, 1931, at the age of 84, in West Orange, New Jersey. During the funeral of US President Herbert Hoover Edison, the United States ordered the lights to be turned off for a minute. His body was laid to rest on October 21 at 9:59 p.m. On the evening of October 21, a torch in the hands of the Statue of Liberty in New York went out. The Broadway lights went out, except for the street lights. Lights were also turned off in key locations such as Chicago and Denver.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti.