Children's Day - Today (November 14, 1889) is the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India who loved children very much.
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Uttar
Pradesh, the eldest child of Motilal Nehru, a wealthy lawyer and mother of
Swaroop Rani. Jawaharlal Nehru in Urdu means "red jewel" and the name
"Jawaharlal" is derived from this word. Nehru was born into a Brahmin
clan called 'Kashmira Pandit'. The word for the Kashmir Canal became Negar
Maruvi Nehru. Nehru was the title of the successor of Rajakavul. Motilal Nehru,
who originally lived in Chowki, an old area adjacent to the Nehru family's main
street and bustling shop street, came to Allahabad many years ago to practice
law. He accepted the cases of kings, landlords and the rich and amassed a
wealth of fame and fortune. So Motilal shifted his location to an area
inhabited by the rich.
He was an active member of the passionate Indian National Movement run
by the Indian National Congress. Nehru and his two sisters, Vijayalakshmi
Pandit and Krishna grew up in a large mansion called Ananthapavan. They were
brought up by the high citizens of India at that time, with the English
civilization that was considered essential at that time. Jawaharlal Nehru was
taught Hindi language, Sanskrit and Indian arts. Motilal Nehru wanted his son
to qualify for the service of Indian citizens and for that he sent him to
Harrow in England. Jawaharlal Nehru did not like school life in Harrow at all.
He felt that the school curriculum was rigorous and that the level of
accommodation was far from home. However, after finishing school he wrote the
Cambridge University Entrance Examinations in 1907 and went to Trinity College
to study natural sciences.
Nehru finished second in his screenplay and graduated in 1910. Renowned
for its independent expression, the University encouraged participation in a
series of non-curricular arts. He was noticed by all because he had a major
impact on his general image structure. 1910 October Enrolled in law school at
the Inner Temple. In Harrow and Cambridge, he did not study law as he liked or
was attracted to. Instead, the father studied for the request. Nehru won the
final in 1912 and was invited to the Law Department at the end of the year at
the Inner Temple. He soon returned to India to work in law. He went with his
father to meet Gandhiji at the Congress meeting in Lucknow in 1916. He married
Kamala Kaul, a 16-year-old Kashmiri Brahmin, on February 7, 1916. The next year
after their marriage, a daughter, Indira Priyadarshini, was born. She was later
called Indira Gandhi because she married Feroze Gandhi. In 1919, the British
government massacred unarmed men, women and children in Jallianwala Bagh. It
was this event that led Nehru to involve himself more in the Congress party.
Nehru quickly became one of Gandhi's confidants.
Nehru first went to jail in 1921 for participating in the
non-cooperation movement led by Gandhi in 1920. Nehru was released in 1922
after withdrawing from the struggle. Although his struggle was satyagraha, he
had to spend 9 years in prison for the rest of his life. During his
imprisonment, Nehru wrote World History Scenes (1934), Autobiography (1936) and
The Discovery of India. These works not only added to his pride as a writer but also enhanced his reputation in the Indian independence movement. He first
presided over the Indian National Congress at the 1929 Lahore event under the
guidance of Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru became the left-wing leader of the
Congress at an early age under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi.
Nehru was arrested on June 15, 1945, for participating in the Quit India
movement. Nehru and his colleagues were released as a British ministerial
delegation arrived with a plan to transfer power. When Nehru led the interim
government, religious violence, political degeneration and riots caused by the
Muslim League, led by the opposition Mohammed Ali Jinnah, and the demand for a
separate state of Pakistan for Muslims paralyzed Nehru's power. With the
failure of peace efforts, Nehru reluctantly supported the partition of India on
June 3, 1947, according to a plan issued by the United Kingdom. Inaugurated as
the first Prime Minister of India on August 15, 1947, he delivered his
inaugural address entitled "A Struggle with Destiny".
Nehru was ready to introduce the modern updated Indian system of state
planning and control over the economy. He formed the Planning Commission of
India and drew up the first five-year plan in 1951. It defined investment and
agriculture in government industries. The government planned to boost businesses,
create a mixed economy with income taxes and thereby prevent the privatization
of some of the most sophisticated industries, such as mining, electricity and
heavy machinery. Nehru prioritized land redistribution. Implemented the plan to
build agricultural wells and dams. He also spread the use of fertilizers to
increase agricultural production. Implemented a series of community improvement
projects to spread cottage industries. He encouraged the
construction of large dams (called "the new temples of India") and
greatly supported agriculture and hydropower. He also implemented projects to
promote India in nuclear power.
Realizing the need for India's future progress in improving the
education of India's children and youth, Nehru became very concerned about it.
His government set up and looked after higher education institutions. Some of
them are All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Technology, Indian Institute of Management and National Institute of
Technology. Nehru also implemented a program to provide milk and lunch to
children in his five-year plan. He built thousands of schools to guarantee
compulsory primary education. The Indian Parliament, on the advice of Nehru,
introduced changes in Hindu law to criminalize caste discrimination, increase
social freedom and legal rights for women. He made reservations for the
backward, the downtrodden and the hill tribes in government services and
educational institutions to alleviate the social inequalities experienced
and the disadvantages they face when competing with the upper castes. In the
Nehru government, which supported secularism and religious harmony, minorities
played a major role.
India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on May 27,
1964, at the age of 74 in New Delhi. Nehru was praised all over the world for
his good morals and high human character. His birthday is celebrated on
November 14 across India as "Children's Day". It is celebrated to
commemorate his lifelong commitment to the well-being, education and
development of children and young people. Indian children still remember him as
Mama Nehru. The Congress party often celebrates his memory as a famous symbol.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial
College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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