Today (April 24, 1947) is the birthday of Roger David Kornberg, the Nobel Prize-winning American biochemist who discovered the transformation of DNA into monolayer RNA.
Roger David Kornberg was born on
April 24, 1947, in St. Louis, Missouri. Roger Kornberg graduated from Harvard
University in 1967. He then received his doctorate in 1972 from Stanford
University. Then in Cambridge, UK, he conducted top-level studies on a medical
research team. 1976 Joined Harvard University as an Adjunct Professor in the
Department of Biochemistry. He returned in 1978 as a professor of biological
architecture at Stanford University. He served as head of the department at
Stanford University from 1984-to 1992.
All living things have genes.
They are encoded by DNA and copied with RNA. It makes up of proteins, which are
sequences of amino acids. DNA lives in the embryo. When a cell expresses a
gene, it copies the DNA sequence of that gene into the RNA (mRNA) sequence.
mRNA is carried from the embryo to the ribosomes. Ribosomes read mRNA and
translate the code to make the protein of that gene into the correct amino acid
sequence. DNA is transcribed into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase II with the
help of several proteins. Using yeast, Kornberg identified the role of RNA
polymerase II and other proteins in transcribing DNA. He also created
three-dimensional images of the protein cluster using X-ray crystals. Polymerase
II is used by all organisms with embryos, including humans, to transcribe DNA.
Kornberg's research team at
Stanford later succeeded in developing a faithful transcription method from
Baker's East, a simple unicellular eukaryote. They then used it to isolate all
the dozens of proteins needed for the transcription process into refined form.
Through the work of Kornberg et al., It is clear that these protein components
are significantly preserved throughout the spectrum of eukaryotes, from yeast
to human cells.
Using this method, Kornberg made
the important discovery that the transmission of genetic regulatory signals to
RNA polymerase machines is done by an additional protein complex. Initially, Kornberg
developed a technique for creating two-dimensional protein crystals in lipid
players using expertise with lipid membranes derived from his graduate studies.
These 2D crystals can be analyzed using an electron microscope to obtain
low-resolution images of the structure of the protein. Finally, X-ray
crystallography was used to solve the 3D dimensional structure of the Kornberg
RNA polymerase in atomic resolution. He recently expanded these studies to
obtain structural images of RNA polymerase associated with auxiliary proteins.
Through these studies, Kornberg has developed a true picture of how transcription
works at the molecular level.
Roger Kornberg's experiments have shown that in multi-celled eukaryotic organisms, the DNA of a cell is transformed into a single strand of RNA based on the nature of the underlying molecule. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2006 for these studies. Arthur Kornberg, the father of Professor Roger Kornberg, was also a professor at Stanford University. Father Arthur Kornberg also received the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Roger Kornberg Eli Lilly Award, Pisano
Award, Chica-Drew Award, Harvey Prize, Kyrtuner Institutional International
Award, Merck Prize, Pasarov Prize for Cancer Research, Charlie Leopold Mayer
Prize, General Motor Cancer Research Institute's Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize,
Lusa Gross Has received such gifts.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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