Today (April 25, 1744) is the Memorial Day of Anders Celsius, the Swedish physicist and mathematician who established the Celsius criterion for measuring temperature.
Anders Celsius was born on November 27, 1701, in Uppsala, Sweden. Their family garden complex was in Toma, also known as Oken. His native name Celsius is the Latin form of the family garden complex name Celsus. One of his grandfathers, Magnus Celsius, was a mathematician. Another grandfather was an astronomer like Anders. So he chose science as his career. From a young age, he was well versed in mathematics. He studied at Uppsala University where his father was a professor of astronomy. In 1730, at the age of 30, he joined the University of Uppsala as a professor of astronomy.
In 1730, Celsius published a paper entitled The New Method for Measuring Distance from the Earth to the Sun. He also studied geothermal phenomena with Forder. He was the first to propose a relationship between the North Pole flare and geomagnetic field changes. He saw that the magnetic needles were massively deflected during the intense firing process. He compiled and published 316 observations recorded by himself and others during the period 1716-1732 about the North Pole fire in Nuremberg in 1733. In the early 1730s, Celsius explored various giant meteors in Europe, such as Germany, Italy, and France.
He proposed the method of measuring the horizontal bow in the historically famous Elephantia in Paris. In 1736 he took part in a horizontal measurement program organized by the French Academy of Sciences under the leadership of a French mathematician. The purpose of this project is to measure the distance between the equator and the equator in present-day Ecuador, Peru. This discovery established that, as Isaac Newton believed, the Earth is in a flat elliptical shape at the poles.
In 1738 he published his book Objectives for Determining the Shape of the Earth. Celsius' participation in the Ireland Landscaping earned him much acclaim in Sweden and was highly respected by the Swedish government and industry researchers. Using this, he mobilized much of his influence to build a new observatory in Uppsala. He successfully established the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in Uppsala. In that observatory, he set up astronomical instruments made with the latest technology he had amassed during his European voyage.
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TC_609230-fahrenheit-to-celsius-formula-5abe45dca9d4f90037340dc4.gif)
In astronomy, Celsius continued to make observations using tinted glass plates to measure the brightness of certain galaxies. These were the first instrumental brightness measurements. Until then, galaxy brightness was estimated with the naked eye. He did observations related to opacity and various celestial bodies. He measured the luminosity of about 300 galaxies according to his luminosity. He was the first to develop the Celsius scale, which has been used to scientifically define multinational temperature. In his Swedish dissertation, "Temperature on two stable gases", he declares that the study of freezing does not change concerning the freezing horizontal (depending on atmospheric pressure). But the boiling point of water is said to change depending on atmospheric pressure.
His measurements are very accurate. He also gave the rule of finding the boiling point when the atmospheric pressure changes from the centrifugal pressure. In 1742 Celsius announced the temperature scale in a dissertation for the State Academy of Sciences in Uppsala, the oldest founded in 1710. His thermometer had a freezing point of 100 degrees and a boiling point of 0 degrees. After the death of Chelsea in 1745, Carl Illinois turned it upside down to facilitate measurement in practice. Celsius first called his temperature scale in Latin, which means one hundred steps. For many years it was referred to as the Swedish thermometer. His student, Martin Stromer, developed a thermometer eight years later. It was formerly known as Celsius in Europe and Centigrade in the UK. This international unit was named after him.
In 1725 Celsius became secretary of the Uppsala State Academy of Sciences. He remained in office until 1744. Illinois and five others gave their full support to the Swedish government's attempt to establish a science academy in Sutacholm in 1739. He was elected a member of its first meeting. In fact, it was Celsius who named the new academy. Anders Celsius, the founder of the Celsius Criterion, passed away on April 25, 1744, at the age of 42 in Uppsala, Sweden due to osteoporosis.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
.jpg)
No comments:
Post a Comment