Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (May 29, 1929) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Peter Ware Higgs, who discovered a new particle called the Higgs boson, known as the "God particle".

Saturday, May 29, 2021

Today (May 29, 1929) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Peter Ware Higgs, who discovered a new particle called the Higgs boson, known as the "God particle".

Today (May 29, 1929) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Peter Ware Higgs, who discovered a new particle called the Higgs boson, known as the "God particle".

Peter Ware Higgs was born on May 29, 1929, in the Elswick district of Newcastle, Newcastle, England. His father worked for the BBC as a sound engineer. As a result of childhood asthma, he moved with his family due to his father’s work and later World War II. Higgs missed some early schooling and was taught at home. When his father moved to Bedford, Higgs was staying in Bristol with his mother. He first attended the Gotham Grammar School in Bristol, 1941-46. Paul Drake, one of the school's alumni, is the founder of the Department of Quantum Dynamics.

In 1946, at the age of 17, Higgs attended school in the City of London. There he specialized in mathematics. Then in 1947, he went to King's College, London. There he received his first-class honors degree in physics in 1950. He received his master's degree in 1952. He was awarded the 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the 1851 Exhibition. He holds a doctorate in molecular physics under the supervision of Charles Coulson and Christopher Longwood-Higgins. He received his Ph.D. in 1954 from King's College, London, entitled Some Problems in the Theory of Molecular Vibrations.

After graduating with a doctorate, Higgs was appointed Senior Research Member at the University of Edinburgh. He later held various positions at Imperial College London and University College London. He returned to the University of Edinburgh in 1960 and became a lecturer at the Tide Institute of Mathematical Physics. When he moved to the Western Highlands as a student in 1949 he was allowed to settle in the city he enjoyed. In 1974 he became a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). In 1980 he was promoted to a personal leader in theoretical physics.

Higgs Boson - Understanding the God Particle | UPSC - IAS EXPRESS

Edinburgh Higgs was first interested in material mass. The interaction with a theoretical field (Higgs field) resulted in the idea that particles - matterless at the beginning of the universe - received matter for a fraction of a second. Higgs noted that this field penetrates space and gives substance to all the basic subatomic particles that interact with it. The Higgs mechanism specifies the existence of the Higgs field that provides the mass of matter in quarks and leptons. However, it makes up only a small fraction of the material mass of other particles, such as protons and neutrons. Of these, the gluons that bind the quarks together provide the particle mass.

Higgs Boson - Understanding the God Particle | UPSC - IAS EXPRESS

The original basis for Higgs' work came from Yoichiro Nambu, a Japanese theorist and Nobel laureate from the University of Chicago. The professor proposed a belief called spontaneous symmetric fracture based on what is known to happen in superconductivity in a compressed matter. However, the theory predicts a false prediction of matter particles (Goldstone's theorem). Wrote a short essay exploiting a hole in Goldstone's theorem. In a theory of relativity, the mass of goldstone particles should not occur when the local symmetry is arbitrarily broken. In 1964 he published it in the Physics Letters, a European journal of physics edited by CERN in Switzerland.

Higgs Boson GIFs - Get the best GIF on GIPHY

Higgs (Higgs mechanism) wrote the second article describing a theoretical model. But it was rejected as having no apparent relevance to physics. Higgs wrote an additional paragraph and sent it to Physical Review Letters, another leading physics magazine. It was later published in 1964. This article predicts a new massive vortex-zero boson (Higgs boson). Physicists Robert Pratt, Fransois Englert, Gerald Kuralnik, c. R. Hagen, and Tom Kibble reached similar conclusions at the same time. Each of the three documents written on this boson discovery has been recognized as a milestone document by the 50th anniversary of the Physics Review Letters. Although each of these famous documents takes a similar approach, the contributions and differences between the 1964 PRL symmetry fracture documents are significant. This method was proposed in 1962, although Philip Anderson did not include a significant model of relativity.

On July 4, 2012, Atlas and Compact Moon announced that solenoid (CMS) experiments showed strong signs of a new particle. This may be the Higgs boson. Speaking at a seminar in Geneva, Higgs commented, "This is really an incredible thing that has happened in my life." Paradoxically, this confirmation of the Higgs boson was made at the same place where the author of the physics letters rejected Higgs. On October 8, 2013, it was announced that Peter Higgs and Fransois England would share the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. Announced as the theoretical invention that helps to know the mass origin of atoms. This particle is considered to be one of the most sought-after items in modern science. The Higgs function has been adopted as an integral part of the classical form of particle physics, although so far no particle accelerator test has been performed on this particle.

Atom is a combination of 3 elements namely electron, proton, and neutron. The combination of these atoms is the earth we live on. The TV around us, the cell phone, the table, and the chair have become different solid objects. Like all of these, the universe is basically a combination of atoms. In this case, the answer to the question of what is the adhesive that adds atoms was unknown. Research has been done to find out what causes the atoms to stick together so that the secret of the formation of the universe can be known.

CMS candidate events displays of Higgs boson decaying into a Z boson and a rho or phi meson - CERN Document Server

The scientists concluded that the atoms could collide with each other so fast that they could create the conditions created during the Big Bang and thereby find out what the atoms' contents were. For this purpose, world-renowned scientists set up a laboratory called CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) between France and Switzerland at a depth of 574 feet and a length of 27 km. The aggregate of atoms was revealed to be a combination of 12 particles. 11 particles were found in it. In 1964, scientist Higgs discovered that there was a 12th particle. Although it is called the Higgs boson particle in conjunction with his name, it is said to be a god particle.

Two teams of scientists, led by Joe Incandela, a well-known nuclear scientist, worked day and night to find this god particle. At the end of this research, the Higgs boson particle now known as the 'God particle has been discovered.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.