Today (October 24, 2001) is Memorial Day for John McCarthy, who introduced the Lisp computer language using the term Artificial Intelligence.
John McCarthy was born on September 4, 1927 in Boston, Massachusetts to an Irish immigrant father and a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant mother. Until McCarthy's father got a job as an organizer of integrated garment workers in Los Angeles, California, the family was forced to relocate frequently during the Great Depression. His father was from the fishing village of Croman in County Kerry, Ireland. His mother died in 1957. McCarthy was exceptionally intelligent, graduating early two years at Belmont High School. McCarthy was accepted into Caltech in 1944.
McCarthy showed early ability for mathematics. At a young age he learned college mathematics by studying textbooks used at the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech). As a result, he was able to skip the first two years of mathematics at Caltech. McCarthy was suspended from Caltech for failing to attend physical education courses. He later served in the U.S. Army. And B.S. In 1948 he attended John van Newman's lecture on mathematics at Caltech, which inspired his future endeavors.
McCarthy initially completed his
undergraduate studies at Caltech before moving to Princeton University. He
received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton in 1951 under the supervision
of Spencer, entitled "Projection Operators and Partial Difference
Equations". Completed the research paper.
After short appointments at
Princeton and Stanford University, McCarthy became an assistant professor at
Dortmouth in 1955. A year later, McCarthy joined MIT in the fall of 1956 as a
research colleague. In 1962, McCarthy became a full-time professor at Stanford.
He remained there until his retirement in 2000. By the end of his early days at
MIT, he was already fondly referred to as "Uncle John" by his
students. McCarthy won the mathematical logic for artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Alan
Newell and Herbert A. John McCarthy was one of the "founding fathers"
of artificial intelligence, along with Simon. McCarthy, Minsky, Nathaniel
Rochester and Claude E. Shannon coined the term "artificial
intelligence" in a plan he wrote for the prestigious Dortmouth Conference
in the summer of 1956. This conference started AI as a field. McCarthy
discovered Lisp in the late 1950s. Based on the Lambda Calculus, Lisp soon
became a programming language for AI applications after its release in 1960. In
1958, McCarthy served on the ACM ad hoc committee on languages, which became
part of the team that designed the ALGOL 60. In August 1959 he proposed the use
of recurring and conditional expressions. It became part of ALGOL. As a member
of the International Federation of Information on Algorithmic Languages and
Calculus (IFIP) IFIP Task Force 2.1, he was involved in raising international
standards in programming and communication.
In 1961, in a speech celebrating
MIT's centenary, he publicly suggested the concept of utility computing:
computer time sharing technology could sell computing power and even specific
applications in the future. Application business model (such as water or
electricity). This idea of computer or information usage was very popular in
the late 1960s. But faded in the mid-1990s. However, since 2000, the idea has
re-emerged in new forms. In 1966, McCarthy and his team at Stanford wrote a
computer program used to play a series of chess games with fellow players in
the Soviet Union. In 1982, he seems to have developed the concept of a space
fountain, a type of tower that expands in space and is placed vertically by the
external force of a particle pumped from the earth. Pilots will ride the
conveyor belt upwards.
In 1971, he was honored with the
Turing Award for his contribution to artificial intelligence. In his dissertation
presented at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, he first introduced the term
Artificial Intelligence, an English term appropriate for artificial
intelligence. John McCarthy, who invented the computer language Lisp, passed
away on October 24, 2001, at the age of 84 in Stanford, California.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial
College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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