Today (December 27, 1822) is Louis Pasteur Birthday, the father of microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax.
Louis Pasteur was born on
December 27, 1822, in Dora, Jura, France, to a poor tanner from a Catholic
family. He was the third child born to Jean-Joseph Besucher and Jean-Edinnity
Reiki. His family moved to Marines in 1826 and to Arbais in 1827. Pasteur began
his primary education in 1831. During his primary school years, he was
interested in fishing and drawing and he was an average student. He painted
portraits of his parents, friends and neighbours in many colours. He continued
his Manila schooling at De Arbaisu College. In October 1838, Benzen left Paris to
join the war. But he returned in November due to the grief of leaving home.
In 1839, he went to the Royal de
Besancon College to study philosophy. He also received his Bachelor of Letters
degree in 1840. He also worked as a teacher at Besancon College, pursuing a
degree in science with a specialization in mathematics. He failed his first
examination in 1841 and then graduated in 1842 with a degree in general
science in Dijon. But obtained a normal qualification in chemistry. Then in
1842, Pasteur took the Ecole Normale Superieure entrance exam. Although he
passed the first test, Pasteur decided not to try again next year because his
ranking was low. He went back to Pension Barbet to prepare for the test. He
attended classes in Lycee St. Louis and lectures at Jean-Baptist Dumas in
Sorbonne.
In 1843 he graduated high and was
featured in the Ecole Normale Superieure. In 1845 he received a licence ES
science degree (master 'in science). In 1846 he was appointed professor of
physics at the College de Dornan, in Ardeche. But chemist Anthony Jerome
Ballard wanted Boucher to return to Ecole Normale Superieure as a graduate
laboratory assistant. At the same time as he was collaborating with Ballard, he
began his research on crystallography, and in 1847 submitted two dissertations
on chemistry and physics. After serving as a professor of physics at Dijon High
School, in 1848 he became a professor of chemistry at the University of
Strasbourg. There he met Mary Laurent, the daughter of the director of the
university, and entered into a marriage contract. They were married on May 29,
1849. Of the five children born to them, three died of typhoid fever, and only
two grew to adulthood.
Milk and wine are spoiled after a
certain period by the growth of bacteria. The method put forward by
Louis Pasteur to protect against such spoilage is now commonly known as the
Pasteur method. This method of heating the milk kills most of the
microorganisms so that the milk is not spoiled. The nutrients in the milk are
kept depleted by destroying the high level of pathogenic bacteria in the milk
and bringing their numbers under control. As with disinfection, not all
pathogens are eradicated here. Instead, their numbers are kept to a minimum so
that the milk can be stored for a certain period. In this method, the
milk is distilled to 60 and 100 C and kept at the same temperature for half an
hour and then rapidly cooled.
He is considered one of the three
founders of microbiology. Others were Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Coke. He was responsible
for the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation. His experiments
showed that microorganisms could not form without admixture. With the help of
the French Academy of Sciences, he demonstrated that nothing can be made of
sterilized and sealed jars and that microbes can grow in sterilized but open
jars. Although he did not propose germ theory, his experiments indicated its
authenticity and made it seem true to most of Europe. Today he is also presented
as the father of "germ theory". Pasteur has made significant
discoveries in chemistry. His study of the asymmetry of some crystals is
crystalline. His study of tartaric acid in his early life first led to the
conclusion of the optical isomer. His study led to the current basic principle
of understanding the composition of organic compounds.
Even before Pasteur, other
scientists were familiar with fermentation. In 1830, Charles Cagniard de la
Tour, Friedrich Traugott Kutzing, and Theodor Schwann studied the yeast under a
microscope and claimed that they were living organisms. In 1839, Justus von
Liebig, Friedrich Wohler, and Jöns Jacob Berzelius reported that alcohol was
not an organism and that it was formed when plant juices reacted with air. In
1855, Antoine Bechamp, a professor of chemistry at the University of
Montpellier, experimented with a sucrose solution and found that water was the
cause of fermentation. But then in 1858, he changed his mind and said that the
cause of fermentation was a type of fungus called mould, which needed air to grow.
He said he was the first to point out the role of microorganisms in
fermentation.
Pasteur began his experiments in
1857 and published them in the April edition of 1858 in the journal Comptes
Rendus Chimie. But Bissamp's study was published in January. However, it is
possible that Bissamp was aware of Passer's early studies in 1857. The
contradictions between the two of them lasted for the rest of their lives.
Next, Pasteur researched rabies caused by rabies. As a result of his research,
mankind got a vaccine for that terrible disease. During that research, he
fearlessly tested several rabies dogs. A historical record states that he once
put a tube in a dog's mouth and sucked its saliva out of his mouth for
research, knowing that the germs are in the saliva of rabies dogs. What would
have been his condition if he had gone into that mouth with that saliva of
escape? It was because he fearlessly despised his life that he was able to find
many life-saving drugs. The Pasteur Institute was founded in Paris in 1888 when
the drug for rabies was discovered.
Pasteur was the first to invent a
vaccine to protect against rabies. The chemist knew as the father of
microbiology. He learned about microorganisms while observing the fermentation
process, one of the chemical phenomena. His contribution to the field of
microbiology is enormous. His research showed that many diseases are caused by
microorganisms. He is best known for his discoveries in the field of vaccine,
antimicrobial fermentation, and pasteurization. His research on the causes of
the disease and their prevention was a major turning point. His discovery has
been waiting for many lives ever since.
He reduced the death rate from
postpartum infections and was the first to find vaccines for diseases such as
rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries directly supported the theory of
germ theory and contributed to the medical application of this theory. His
invention to avoid bacterial contamination in milk and wine is now known as
pasteurization. He is well known to the public. Louis Pasteur, the father of
microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases, passed away on
September 28, 1895, at the age of 72 in Coquette, France. World Rabies Day is
observed every year on September 28 in his memory.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant
Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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