Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (December 27, 1822) is Louis Pasteur Birthday, the father of microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax.

Sunday, December 27, 2020

Today (December 27, 1822) is Louis Pasteur Birthday, the father of microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax.

Today (December 27, 1822) is Louis Pasteur Birthday, the father of microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax.

Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dora, Jura, France, to a poor tanner from a Catholic family. He was the third child born to Jean-Joseph Besucher and Jean-Edinnity Reiki. His family moved to Marines in 1826 and to Arbais in 1827. Pasteur began his primary education in 1831. During his primary school years, he was interested in fishing and drawing and he was an average student. He painted portraits of his parents, friends and neighbours in many colours. He continued his Manila schooling at De Arbaisu College. In October 1838, Benzen left Paris to join the war. But he returned in November due to the grief of leaving home.

In 1839, he went to the Royal de Besancon College to study philosophy. He also received his Bachelor of Letters degree in 1840. He also worked as a teacher at Besancon College, pursuing a degree in science with a specialization in mathematics. He failed his first examination in 1841 and then graduated in 1842 with a degree in general science in Dijon. But obtained a normal qualification in chemistry. Then in 1842, Pasteur took the Ecole Normale Superieure entrance exam. Although he passed the first test, Pasteur decided not to try again next year because his ranking was low. He went back to Pension Barbet to prepare for the test. He attended classes in Lycee St. Louis and lectures at Jean-Baptist Dumas in Sorbonne.

In 1843 he graduated high and was featured in the Ecole Normale Superieure. In 1845 he received a licence ES science degree (master 'in science). In 1846 he was appointed professor of physics at the College de Dornan, in Ardeche. But chemist Anthony Jerome Ballard wanted Boucher to return to Ecole Normale Superieure as a graduate laboratory assistant. At the same time as he was collaborating with Ballard, he began his research on crystallography, and in 1847 submitted two dissertations on chemistry and physics. After serving as a professor of physics at Dijon High School, in 1848 he became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. There he met Mary Laurent, the daughter of the director of the university, and entered into a marriage contract. They were married on May 29, 1849. Of the five children born to them, three died of typhoid fever, and only two grew to adulthood.

Louis Pasteur GIF by SpareTag on DeviantArt

Milk and wine are spoiled after a certain period by the growth of bacteria. The method put forward by Louis Pasteur to protect against such spoilage is now commonly known as the Pasteur method. This method of heating the milk kills most of the microorganisms so that the milk is not spoiled. The nutrients in the milk are kept depleted by destroying the high level of pathogenic bacteria in the milk and bringing their numbers under control. As with disinfection, not all pathogens are eradicated here. Instead, their numbers are kept to a minimum so that the milk can be stored for a certain period. In this method, the milk is distilled to 60 and 100 C and kept at the same temperature for half an hour and then rapidly cooled.

Louis Pasteur | TSF

He is considered one of the three founders of microbiology. Others were Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Coke. He was responsible for the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation. His experiments showed that microorganisms could not form without admixture. With the help of the French Academy of Sciences, he demonstrated that nothing can be made of sterilized and sealed jars and that microbes can grow in sterilized but open jars. Although he did not propose germ theory, his experiments indicated its authenticity and made it seem true to most of Europe. Today he is also presented as the father of "germ theory". Pasteur has made significant discoveries in chemistry. His study of the asymmetry of some crystals is crystalline. His study of tartaric acid in his early life first led to the conclusion of the optical isomer. His study led to the current basic principle of understanding the composition of organic compounds.

Even before Pasteur, other scientists were familiar with fermentation. In 1830, Charles Cagniard de la Tour, Friedrich Traugott Kutzing, and Theodor Schwann studied the yeast under a microscope and claimed that they were living organisms. In 1839, Justus von Liebig, Friedrich Wohler, and Jöns Jacob Berzelius reported that alcohol was not an organism and that it was formed when plant juices reacted with air. In 1855, Antoine Bechamp, a professor of chemistry at the University of Montpellier, experimented with a sucrose solution and found that water was the cause of fermentation. But then in 1858, he changed his mind and said that the cause of fermentation was a type of fungus called mould, which needed air to grow. He said he was the first to point out the role of microorganisms in fermentation.

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Pasteur began his experiments in 1857 and published them in the April edition of 1858 in the journal Comptes Rendus Chimie. But Bissamp's study was published in January. However, it is possible that Bissamp was aware of Passer's early studies in 1857. The contradictions between the two of them lasted for the rest of their lives. Next, Pasteur researched rabies caused by rabies. As a result of his research, mankind got a vaccine for that terrible disease. During that research, he fearlessly tested several rabies dogs. A historical record states that he once put a tube in a dog's mouth and sucked its saliva out of his mouth for research, knowing that the germs are in the saliva of rabies dogs. What would have been his condition if he had gone into that mouth with that saliva of escape? It was because he fearlessly despised his life that he was able to find many life-saving drugs. The Pasteur Institute was founded in Paris in 1888 when the drug for rabies was discovered.

Pasteur was the first to invent a vaccine to protect against rabies. The chemist knew as the father of microbiology. He learned about microorganisms while observing the fermentation process, one of the chemical phenomena. His contribution to the field of microbiology is enormous. His research showed that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. He is best known for his discoveries in the field of vaccine, antimicrobial fermentation, and pasteurization. His research on the causes of the disease and their prevention was a major turning point. His discovery has been waiting for many lives ever since.

WHO | Vaccinations and immunization

He reduced the death rate from postpartum infections and was the first to find vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries directly supported the theory of germ theory and contributed to the medical application of this theory. His invention to avoid bacterial contamination in milk and wine is now known as pasteurization. He is well known to the public. Louis Pasteur, the father of microbiology, who first invented vaccines for diseases, passed away on September 28, 1895, at the age of 72 in Coquette, France. World Rabies Day is observed every year on September 28 in his memory.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.