Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (January 19, 1736) is the birthday of James Watt, who invented the first steam engine and ushered in the Industrial Revolution.

Tuesday, January 19, 2021

Today (January 19, 1736) is the birthday of James Watt, who invented the first steam engine and ushered in the Industrial Revolution.

Today (January 19, 1736) is the birthday of James Watt, who invented the first steam engine and ushered in the Industrial Revolution.

James Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in the port of Greenwich, Fifth Clyde. His father was a shipbuilder, ship owner and contractor. Agnes Muirhead, the mother of James Watt, belongs to a noble family. Well, read. Watt did not go to school properly. More interested in drawing at a young age. Since there is no money to buy paper, he will draw on the floor of the house. His paintings feature mathematics such as circles, squares and triangles. Slightly weak at birth. Health is often affected. Unable to attend school regularly, he studied at home with his mother. He became more interested in learning mathematics. His mother died when he was 18 years old. His father's health was also affected. Watt went to London to learn how to make tools and returned to Scotland a year later. There he intended to start his own tool making business. In 1759 John Robson, a friend of Watt, said that we should focus on the use of steam as a source of propulsion.

The Newcommon steam engine has been in use for almost 50 years to extract water from the mines without any change in design. Although Watt never saw a running steam engine, he began experimenting with steam. He tried to build a model. It failed to work satisfactorily. But he continued his experiment. He started reading everything about that steam engine. Watt began to realize the importance of latent heat. In addition, Watt's friend Joseph Black discovered a few years ago how thermal energy generated during constant heat transfer is used to operate a steam engine. In the field of thermal kinetic energy, the perception of steam engine motion was in its infancy. And last for the next hundred years without being formalized in the same condition.

The Steam Engine ~ James Watt on Make a GIF james watt steam engine animation - Google zoeken | Engineering, Steam engine, Steam

In 1763, Watt was asked to repair a model of a Newcom machine owned by the university. The machine barely worked even after repair. After numerous experiments, Watt explained that one-third of the heat energy obtained by steam in each cycle was used to heat the engine cylinder. This thermal energy is wasted. This is because cold water was injected to cool the steam to reduce the pressure inside the cylinder during each cycle. This resulted in repeated heating and cooling of the cylinder occurring at each cycle so that more heat energy was wasted without converting the engine into more kinetic energy. Watt's most important discovery was made in May 1765. The reason was that he cooled the heat of the steam in a separate room outside the piston. This process was able to maintain a uniform heat inside the engine cylinder because the cylinder was surrounded by a steam jacket. Thus some small amount of energy is absorbed in each cycle and a large amount of kinetic energy is available to do the useful work. In the same year, Watt developed a working model.

The Steam Engine ~ James Watt on Make a GIF Mechanical Juniors: Watt Steam Engines

Despite a potentially workable design, there were significant difficulties in configuring the full-scale machine. This requires more capital. Some of it came from black money. Watt received considerable support from John Roebuck. John Paulk is the founder of the famous Caron Iron Workshop nearby. Watt formed an alliance with him. Robak lived in Kinnell House in Ponnus. At the time, Watt was filming his steam engine in a hut near Robak's house. That hut’s cage and wat still witness huge projects today. In 1776, the first steam engines were installed and worked in commercial establishments. These first machines were used for pumps to provide pumping capacity. They only developed a single transmission motion to move the pipe wires to the base of the shafts. This design was commercially successful. Watt installed more machines for the next five years. Especially founded to drain water from the mines at Cornwall.

Watt Steam Engine GIF | Gfycat James Watt Project

These early machines were not manufactured by Boulton and Watt. But Watt was made by others based on drawings drawn by them. Watt worked only as their consulting engineer. The start of the machines and their frequency was first supervised by Watt. Men were then hired at the company to do the work. At first, these were big machines. For example, a cylinder was 50 inches in diameter and 24 feet high. A separate building was required to set up this machine. Bolton and Watt received one-third of their annual income, the amount of coal stored by the new machine, as money for their work. Watt has been honoured for as long as he has lived. In 1784 he was honoured as a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He was also elected a member of the Pattawian Society for Rotterdam's Recipe Philosophy in 1787.

In 1789 he was elected a member of the high committee of the Smithsonian Society for Civil Engineers. In 1806 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in law from the University of Glasgow. He was elected a recognized member of the French Academy and in 1814 was appointed a foreign liaison. The International System of Units (or "SI"), a systematic unit of measurement for watts, was formally named Watt after James Watt for his contribution to the development of the steam engine. The unit was adopted in 1889 by the Second Congress of the British Society for the Advancement of Science. Also in the 11th 1960s, the unit watt was incorporated into the International System of Units ("SI"). On May 29, 2009, the Bank of England announced that Poulton and Watt would be printed on its new 50-pound sterling banknote. This is the first time in the history of Bank of England banknotes that images of two persons have been printed. It was announced in September 2011 that the paper would go into circulation on November 2.

James Watt, the historian who transformed natural steam power into an enormous force for mankind. James Watt, who invented the first steam engine and ushered in the Industrial Revolution, died in England on August 25, 1819, at the age of 83. Watt's body was buried on the grounds of St. Mary's Church in Handsworth, Birmingham. It is believed that his tomb is now buried beneath the church, as the church building was later expanded over Watt's grave. In March 2011, as part of a new permanent science museum exhibition entitled "James Watt and Our World" was put on public display.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.