Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (February 20, 1972) is the Memorial Day of Maria Goeppert Meyer is the second female physicist to win the Nobel Prize after Marie Curie for creating a nuclear model.

Saturday, February 20, 2021

Today (February 20, 1972) is the Memorial Day of Maria Goeppert Meyer is the second female physicist to win the Nobel Prize after Marie Curie for creating a nuclear model.

Today (February 20, 1972) is the Memorial Day of Maria Goeppert Meyer is the second female physicist to win the Nobel Prize after Marie Curie for creating a nuclear model.

Maria Goeppert Meyer was born on June 28, 1906, in Katowice, Upper Silesia, Poland, Germany. Friedrich Colbert-Maria was born the only daughter of a co-worker named Wolf. He has had a distinguished family of university professors for six generations. In 1910, his father went on to become a professor at the University of CTE d'Ivoire, where he lived until his marriage. His secondary education was in private-public schools. There he had excellent teachers. In 1924 he passed the entrance examination and joined the University. In those days it was considered very rare for women to study. A section for women in Gottingen operated alone. Maria's interest in physics gradually changed as she continued to study in the sense that she wanted to become a better mathematician.

That was the beginning of the study of quantum mechanics. His professors at the university were Nobel Prize-winning scientists such as Max Bourne, James Frank, Adolf Otto, Reinhold Windows, Enrico Fermi, Werner Eisenberg, Paul Drake and Olfkong Polly. In 1930 she married 'Joseph E. Meyer'. Both peers immigrated to the United States after marriage. They had a daughter and a son. In 1930, under the guidance of Max Bourne, he studied theoretical physics and published his theory of the phenomena of two-photon absorption. Although he could not prove them in the recipe, he received a doctorate for his theoretical explanations. Due to this, the unit for the two-photon cross-section was later renamed G.M.Unit after these were confirmed.

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In 1931 her husband worked at San Hopkins University in Baltimore. Maria's work as a lecturer was not recognized at a time when patriarchal ideas were entrenched. So he worked there as a paid volunteer researcher. This position gave me a lot of opportunities to study physics and also got inflation. Got the friendship of researcher Edward Teller. The two were involved in several studies together. During her summer vacation, Maria came to Germany to study with Max Bourne. He left Germany as preparations began for World War II. At the same time, he was granted US citizenship in 1932. In 1939, she lost her husband, Joseph, due to childbirth. They left Hopkins and went to Columbia University.

One of the most secretive studies on alternatives to alloys has taken place at Columbia University. The purpose of this study is to isolate the uranium-235 metal and use it as a fuel to make nuclear fission weapons. Maria played a key role in this study. Supported for some time during studies on light permeability. It was here that the two co-authored and published an excellent textbook on Statistical Mechanics. In 1940-46 her husband moved to the University of Chicago. Maria also got a teaching job at 'Sarah Lawrence' College. Karl F.herzfeld was fascinated by his work and developed himself into a chemist with the help of her husband. With the help of both, he conducted many studies in this field and published his dissertations. He was also involved in the study of the colour of organic molecules.

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When Harold Uray was the director of the laboratory, he 'was involved in the study of the separation of isotopes by photochemical reactions. It does not help to separate the isotopes in any way. However, the best pure physics theory helped Maria. He became more and more interested in these. He commented on the time dilation of the Frame of References. In 1946 he went to Chicago where he became a professor of nuclear science. He also worked as a part-time officer at the Argonne National Laboratory. He and Edward Teller were involved in space exploration research. It was while working at Argon in Chicago that he developed and improved the model for the nuclear nest system. Maria was successful in this work after much discussion with scientists Edward Teller and Enrico Fermi.

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In 1948 he was involved in the creation of Magic Numbers. Some nucleons in the nucleus of an atom give stability to the atom. How this happened has left many scientists confused. These numbers are called trick numbers. 2,8,20,28,50,82 and 126 to find out why the elements containing protons and neutrons are more stable. Within a nucleus, protons and neutrons orbit in specific paths, and their paths can be thought of as shells. Through her study, Maria found that full-filled nests were more stable than half-filled nests. But it took a year to get the explanations. It took many years of work to make the corresponding contacts. It was only after Hexel, Jensen, and Suez, whom he had never met before, made similar attempts and gave similar explanations that he realized that his conclusions were correct.

Met Jensen in 1950. The two then set out to write a book about it together. He authored a book, Elemental Theory of Nuclear Shell Structure. In 1960 he became a professor of physics at the University of California. In 1963 he was awarded the Nobel Prize along with Jensen and Paul Weiner. She is the second woman to win the Nobel Prize after Marie Curie. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Geitelberg Institute of Science. Russell Sage College, Mount Holyoke College and Smith College conferred honorary doctorates on him. Postage stamps were issued in his honour. Maria Goeppert Meyer, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Theoretical Physics, died of a heart attack on February 20, 1972, in Santiago, at the age of 65.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.