Today (March 15, 1962) is the Memorial Day of Arthur Holly Compton, winner of the Nobel Prize
for his discovery of the Compton effect, which explains the particulate matter
of electromagnetic waves.
Arthur Holly Compton was born on September 10, 1892, in Ohio, Ohio. After completing his elementary education, he attended college and received a bachelor's degree in science in 1913 and a master's degree in 1914 from Princeton University. He received his doctorate in 1916. In his early days at Princeton, Compton devised an elegant method of proving the earth's rotation. But he soon began his research in the field of X-Race. He developed the theory of X-ray reflection intensity from crystals as a tool to study the arrangement of electrons and atoms. Also, in 1918 he studied X-ray scattering.
The discovery of an increase in X-ray radiation in 1922 indicates that the scattered quanta have less energy than the original beamline due to the scattering of radiation by free electrons. This effect is now known as the "Compton effect". This clearly explains the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation. CDR Wilson can then show traces of electrons again in his cloud chamber. Another proof of the reality of this phenomenon was created by accident (Camden and AV Simon) and in Germany by W. Bode and H. Jaeger.
When scattered by X-ray material, Compton scattering has a phenomenon where the wavelength is shifted to a longer side than the X-ray. Additionally, the event will have the same wavelength as the X-ray. In 1923 A.H. Compton invented the mechanism using a photon hypothesis and gave it based on its robust experiment. That is, when the X-ray photon collides with the electron in the object, the electron receives a portion of the photon's energy and leaves the atom (electron return). The photon decreases with increasing power (increasing the wavelength). If X-rays occur in an object, the Thompson scattering happens in addition to the Compton scattering and the change in wavelength. But as the wavelength gets longer, the Thompson scattering gets bigger.
Compton played a significant role in the Mankato team involved in producing the first nuclear weapons during World War II. In 1942 he was appointed head of the Metallurgical Laboratory. The laboratory also played a vital role in building nuclear reactors that convert uranium into plutonium. Compton was on the 1945 panel approving the use of the atomic bomb against Japan. From 1945 to 1953, he served as secretary of the University of Washington in St. Louis. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his discovery of the particulate matter of electromagnetic waves. He received medals such as the Matucci Medal (1930), the Franklin Medal (1940), and the Youssef Medal (1940).
Nobel Prize-winning American physicist Arthur Holly Camden passed away on March 15, 1962, in Portugal, California, USA. The Compton crater on the moon was named after Compton and his brother Carl. The Physics Research Building at the University of Washington in St. Louis is named in his memory. NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Laboratory is named after Compton. The Compton Effect is central to gamma-ray detection tools.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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