Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (May 8, 1794) is the anniversary of the French chemist Laurent de Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, who created the glossary of chemistry and discovered that water is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.

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Today (May 8, 1794) is the anniversary of the French chemist Laurent de Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, who created the glossary of chemistry and discovered that water is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.

Today (May 8, 1794) is the anniversary of the French chemist Laurent de Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, who created the glossary of chemistry and discovered that water is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier was born on August 26, 1743, in Paris to a wealthy family. He lost his mother at the age of five. From 1754 to 1761 he studied chemistry, botany, astronomy and mathematics at Masar's College. He excelled in education and graduated in law in his father's way. However, he was not accustomed to the law and was more interested in doing research in Laois. He was especially interested in chemistry. At the age of 25, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences. In 1769, he contributed to the creation of the first geographical map of France. In 1771, at the age of 28, he married 13-year-old Mary-Anne. Over time she was supportive of her husband in many ways. Lavoisier also painted a portrait of his wife by Jacques-Louis David in 1788.

Translated English essays and research by Richard Girvan and Sosapu Presidley into French. Mary has designed many laboratory accessories for her husband and his associates. He has edited and published the memorandum written by Ilavasi. The ideas related to chemistry mentioned in it are still being discussed by various scientists today. In 1766 the freeman commented that the streets of Paris should be fitted with lights. For that, they got the gold medal. During his tenure as a bomb powder officer,r he did a lot of research on explosives and flammability. Lavoisier's experiments proved that the weight of the ash obtained from the burning of metal is greater than the initial weight of the metal. He made many other similar important discoveries. Chemistry did not see the development of the fields of science, such as physics, mathematics, and astronomy, which lagged far behind.

Chemists at the time found various personal facts. They were all scattered and uncoordinated facts. And many misconceptions prevailed. For example, the notion of air and water as compounds was misunderstood as air and water elements before the advent of Lavoisier. There was also a very misconception about the nature of the fire. The chemist of the time believed that all flammable substances emitted a substance called 'phylogeny'. It was Ilavasi who changed all these misconceptions. He first established through experiments that there is no such thing as 'phylogeny'. Ilavasi found that the fire was caused by a chemical mixture.

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Isolation was the name given to the isolated gas precipitously detected and isolated. Olivia found that the oxygen in the air was the cause of the fire. He established with evidence that air is a mixture of two gases, oxygen and nitrogen, as well as water which is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen. But they were unknown until the freelancer found them. The scientific world has not accepted anything new so quickly. Ilavasiev's findings are no exception. The famous chemist at the time refused to accept his views, even though he was free to present his findings with proper evidence. But Lavoisier never hesitated to take what he believed to be true.

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In 1781 he translated an essay by Marie-Ann Robert Boyle, Ilavasie's wife, into French. In that article, Boyle noted the results of an experiment. That is, the change in its weight when the iron plate is heated. Like other scientists, Boyle noted that he gained weight during his chemical research. Invasive has no desire to believe it as it is. Not everything is measured accurately, and not only the weight of the object in particular but also the environment must be measured accurately. Boyle suspected he would not have done so. To check it out, Boyle decided to do the test himself.

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Anthony first picked up a small plate and placed it on his scales very accurately to find and mark the weight. He then placed the plate in a glass jar designed to withstand the heat and closed its mouth tightly. Now he marked the weight of the jar with the plate. Now he started to heat the flask. As the heat increased he saw a layer of grey on top of the iron plate he had placed inside. He then stopped heating and left the jar to cool. Weigh the jar again. There was no change in the weight of the jar and now when the jar was slowly opened the air entered inside as fast as it could fill the vacuum. Now Anthony took the plate back and put the weight on. Found that the weight of the plate had increased by 2 g. The weight of the plate had increased, as Boyle had said.

He suspected that the excess weight of the plate must have been caused by the air inside the flask as the total weight of the flask did not change before and after inspection. That’s why he knew the air must have entered fast to fill the vacuum. Found that when the plate heats up it reacts with the air to form an agreyy layer. Now take a slightly larger plate and heat it up and weigh it. The same two grams had just increased. No matter how big the plate was heated it only increased by two grams. Putting it in the same big jar added a little more weight. So, he found that the weight of the plate changes according to the amount of air inside the flask. Even so, owning one is still beyond the reach of the average person. He found that only 20 percent of the ambient air was capable of reaching the plate. Lavoisier realized that this 20 percent air was the pure air discovered by Presidley in 1774. He called it Oxygen.

And Anthony didn't let it go. He also did a lot of research. He measured the occurrence during various chemical reactions and found one of the most important. The mass of the object as a whole is not always destroyed. No one can destroy it. During chemical reactions, a lot of matter can move from one place to another, or from one substance to another. But he showed the world that total weight does not always change. He emphasized the need to keep track of where the mass had gone during any research. These findings were kept secret until his publication in 1789 in his book Chemistry.

In 1789 Ilavasi wrote and published the excellent textbook Elements of Chemistry. He explained the principles and principles underlying contemporary chemistry with evidence in that textbook. The younger chemist who read it began to accept Ilavasiev's comments. He also included a list of items he considered elements in the textbook. Except for a few mistakes, most of the chemicals found for free are on the list of products of modern chemistry today. Lavoisier next developed the well-planned glossary of terms for chemistry. It was the volume of the terminology he created that gave chemistry an integrated identity.

Chemists around the world began to use similar terminology. So they were able to exchange their findings with each other. The field of chemistry also began to grow rapidly. Ilavasi has made his contribution in other fields as well. In physiology, he discovered and told a subtle truth. The fact is that the process by which we breathe is equivalent to the process of burning slowly. He said that humans and animals get energy by burning the organic matter in the body with the oxygen they breathe. One historian says that this significant discovery was equivalent to the invention of William Harvey, who discovered blood flow in the body.

He was a freelance member when a task force was set up across France to coordinate the calculation of weights and measures. The metric standard was introduced in France based on a report submitted by that working group. Lavoisier worked as a scientist in government for about twenty years. He was also involved in public service. He was a prominent member of the French Royal Academy of Sciences. He was involved in the tax collection of the organization when he was the chief executive of the organization Perm General. 1794 was the period of the French Revolution. The then-revolutionary government in charge of France began to view members of the Perm General with suspicion. A total of 28 people were arrested. They were accused of being politically affiliated with the previous government and of being anti-revolutionary.

On the same day, May 8, 1794, the 28 were tried, convicted and sentenced to death. On the same day, the heads of the 28 were beheaded with a machete. History has seen such unjust deaths whenever there has been a revolution in the world. But the incident that took place that day has become a black spot in history. Of those 28 killed, Ilavasi was one of the greatest scientific geniuses the world has ever seen. The judge confirmed the death sentence, saying the country did not need geniuses and scientists, when asked to release him, citing his contribution to the country and science.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.