Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (January 23, 1907) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa, who discovered the particle (pi meson) that produces the most powerful nuclear force inside the nucleus.

Saturday, January 23, 2021

Today (January 23, 1907) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa, who discovered the particle (pi meson) that produces the most powerful nuclear force inside the nucleus.

Today (January 23, 1907) is the birthday of Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa, who discovered the particle (pi meson) that produces the most powerful nuclear force inside the nucleus.

Hideki Yukawa was born on January 23, 1907, in Tokyo, Japan. His father was 'Takuji Okawa'. He received his early education in his hometown and attended the Kyoto Imperial University in Kyoto. From 1929 he worked as a lecturer for four years. A graduate, he was interested in theoretical physics. He was particularly interested in finding elementary particles. In 1932 he married a woman named Sumiko. They had two sons. Between 1932-39 he was a lecturer in the cell and later an assistant professor at Osaka University. Hideki, who was involved in research there, published his dissertation in 1935 on the interactions between source particles.

In the report, he had developed a new field policy for nuclear force. In it, he referred to the expression of the object as Mason. His study was inspired by the discovery in 1937 by American physicists of a type of particle emanating from cosmic rays called mesons. Therefore, Mason was actively involved in expanding the policy based on his own ideas. He received his doctorate in 1938. Since 1947 he has been engaged in intensive research on the general principle of source particles. He was a visiting professor in the United States in 1948 and at Columbia University in the United States from 1949.

Yukawa predicted the existence of a particle with a mass of about 100 MeV / c2 from the range of strong nuclear energy (from the radius of the nucleus). After its initial discovery in 1936, Muon (originally called "Mu meson") thought of this article. Because it has a mass of 106 MeV / c2. Subsequent tests, however, showed that Muon did not participate in strong nuclear contacts. In modern terms, this makes Mune, a lieutenant. But not a mission. However, some communities of astronomers continue to call Mune "Mu-Meson".

In 1947, Cecil Powell, Caesar Lates, Giuseppe Ochialini, and others at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom discovered the first real mesons, charged pions. Since particle accelerators have not yet arrived, high-energy subatomic particles are only derived from atmospheric cosmic rays. After developing the photon plates, microscopic examination of the emulsions revealed traces of charged subatomic particles. The Beyonce were first identified by their unusual "dual mission" tracks. They were left as a putative moustache by their decay. The particle was identified as a muon. It is not generally classified as a mission in modern particle physics.

The intellectual institutions in Japan realized its potential. In particular, he was accepted as a member by The University of Japan, the Institute of Physics, and the Japan Scientific Committee. Osaka University hired him as a visiting professor. He served as the Director of the Institute of Basic Science Research at the University of Kyoto, named Yukawa Hall. He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American National Science Foundation. He was awarded the Imperial Prize of the Society of Japan in 1940 and the Decoration of Cultural Prize in 1943.

Yukawa has authored and published numerous research papers and several books. Among them, he wrote and published two books in Japanese, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (1946) and Introduction to the Theory of Elementary Particles (1948). He was also the editor of an English periodical entitled Advances in Theoretical Physics. The University of Paris, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Indian Academy of Sciences, the International Institute of Philosophy and Science, and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences has elected him as a Fellow.

Above all, he was awarded the 'Honorary Citizen of the City of Kyoto, Japan'. Postage stamps engraved with his image were issued in his honour. Yukawa was the one who discovered the source particle that is many times heavier than the electron, which produces the strongest nuclear force within the nucleus. Theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949. Hideki Yukova, the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Japan, passed away on September 8, 1981, in Kyoto, Japan, at the age of 74.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.