Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (January 30, 1991) is the anniversary of John Bardeen, who two-time winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery invention of the transistor and superconductivity (BCS theory).

Saturday, January 30, 2021

Today (January 30, 1991) is the anniversary of John Bardeen, who two-time winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery invention of the transistor and superconductivity (BCS theory).

Today (January 30, 1991) is the anniversary of John Bardeen, who two-time winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery invention of the transistor and superconductivity (BCS theory).

John Bardeen was born on May 23, 1908, in Madison, Wisconsin. He was the son of Charles Bardeen, the first dean of the Wisconsin School of Medicine. Bardeen attended University High School in Madison. He graduated from school in 1923 at the age of 15. He may have graduated many years ago, but this was postponed because he had taken courses at another high school and his mother had died. He entered the University of Wisconsin in 1923. While attending college, he joined the Zeta Psi fraternity. He chose to engineer because he did not want to be an educator like his father. He felt that engineering has good job opportunities.

Bardeen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1928 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He graduated in 1928, despite taking a year's leave to work in Chicago. He took all the undergraduate courses in Physics and Mathematics. He graduated in five years instead of the usual four. This is Leo J. This allowed him time to complete his master's thesis, overseen by Peters. He graduated from Wisconsin in 1929 with his Master of Science in Electrical Engineering. Bardeen developed his studies by staying in Wisconsin. But eventually, he went to work for Gulf Research Laboratories, a research division of the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil Corporation. He studied research in mathematical physics and earned a doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania.

File:Superconductivity.gif - Wikimedia Commons

From 1930 to 1933, Bardin worked as a geophysicist in developing methods for the interpretation of magnetic and gravitational observations. After failing to find work in pursuit of her interest, she was accepted into the graduate program in mathematics at Princeton University. As a graduate student, Bardeen studied mathematics and physics. Under physicist Eugene Wigner, he wrote his thesis on a problem in solid-state physics. Before completing his thesis, he was awarded the Fellows Society's Junior Fellow at Harvard University in 1935. He spent the next three years working with the Nobel laureates in physics from 1935 to 1938. John Hasbrook Van Vleck and Percy Williams Bridgeman did some work on the problems of synchronization and electrical conductivity in metals, as well as the density of the nuclei.

How Transistor Works as Switch. NPN and PNP transistor working

On December 23, 1947, Bardeen and Bratton worked without Shackley. They succeeded in creating a point-contact transistor. Within the next month, they began working on Bell Labs' patent applications. Bell Labs' lawyers soon discovered that Shackley's field-effect policy was anticipated and patented in 1930 by Julius Lilienfeld, who filed his Mesfet-like patent in Canada on October 22, 1925. Shockley has publicly taken on the role of pride for the invention of transistors. This led to the deterioration of Bardeen's relationship with Shackley. However, Bell Labs management continued to provide all three inventors as a team. Shockley eventually angered and alienated Bardeen and Bratton. He also prevented them from working on the transistor. Bardeen began to pursue a theory of superconductivity. He left Bell Labs in 1951. Bratton refused to work with Shackley and was appointed to another committee.

The number of vacuum tubes transferred to "transistor" televisions and radios is 1/50. It used very little power, was very reliable, and allowed it to become an electrical device. The transistor is an electronic device called a transistor. It is a semiconductor device that can be used to amplify the basic electrical signals and switches that can be used to transmit or transmit electrical signals as needed. Today's computers, cell phones, and countless electronic control devices are made up of electrical circuits connected by these networks. He served in the American Sea War Laboratory during World War II. Bell then worked at the telephone lab.

He was the only person to win the Nobel Prize for Physics twice. He first won the Nobel Prize twice with William Shockley and Walter Bratton for their discovery of the tripod in 1956, and in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Schreiber for refining the theory of hypersensitivity. Their findings are the basis for later reconstruction studies. He has extensively investigated the properties of shortcomings. In 1990, John was featured on Bardeen Life's "100 Greatest Americans of the Century" list. The two-time winner, John Bardeen, left his world on January 30, 1991, at the age of 82 at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.