Student Education Repository (மாணவர்கள் கல்விக் களஞ்சியம்): Today (July 15, 1919) is the Memorial Day of Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Louis Fischer, who invented methods of synthesizing sugar and purine block compounds.

Thursday, July 15, 2021

Today (July 15, 1919) is the Memorial Day of Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Louis Fischer, who invented methods of synthesizing sugar and purine block compounds.

Today (July 15, 1919) is the Memorial Day of Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Louis Fischer, who invented methods of synthesizing sugar and purine block compounds.

Hermann Emil Fischer was born on October 9, 1852, to Lawrence Fischer, a businessman in Uzbek, near Cologne, and his wife, Sully Poenzuken. After graduating, his father became involved in business with his family. This continued until Fischer was deemed unfit for the field, after which Fischer joined the University of Bonn in 1871. He moved to the University of Strasbourg in 1872. In 1874 he completed his research on pathology under the guidance of Adolf von Bayer. At the same university, Bayer was asked to continue his work as a chemist at the University of Munich in 1875. Fischer went with Bayer to assist in his work on organic chemistry.

In 1878 he received the PD-Privatdozent (PD-Privatdozent) at the University of Munich, an accredited qualification for teaching a subject at the university level in German universities. In 1879 he was appointed Associate Professor in the Department of Analytical Chemistry. In the same year, he was invited to serve as Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Afghanistan. But Fischer denied it. In 1881 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Erlangen. In 1883 Bedice was asked to lead his scientific laboratory by aniline-und soda fabric. However, Fischer's father gave priority to academic work as he had done enough to manage his economy independently and independently.

In 1885 he was invited to become a professor of chemistry at the University of Ursburg. Here he remained until 1892. Then A.W. at the University of Berlin. Fischer was asked to be head of the chemistry department following Opman. In 1875, while working with von Bayer at the University of Stasberg, Fischer discovered phenylephrine hydrogen. This compound has played an important role in later studies of fissure sugars. While at the University of Munich, Fischer continued his research on hydrogen with his brother-in-law, Otto Fischer. Fischer and Otto co-authored a new theory of triphenylmethane dyes and demonstrated it experimentally. At the University of Erlangen, Fischer studied the principles behind tea, coffee, chocolate, and cocoa. He studied the pine and theobromine found in them and established a series of such compounds and their synthesis methods. However, studies on purines and sugars have largely contributed to Fischer's popularity.

Studies between 1882 and 1906 revealed that all the little-known compounds at the time, such as adenine, xanthine, caffeine, and uric acid from animal waste, such as guanine, were homozygous and could be derived from one another. Furthermore, they were associated with different hydroxyl and amino derivatives, including the basic structure of bilayer nitrogen, a characteristic urea group. In 1884 he first called purine, a hitherto indistinguishable, ideological, supernatural mother. He also demonstrated purine in 1898 as a compilation. Between 1882 and 1896, several synthetic derivatives that were almost identical to those found in nature began to emerge from his laboratory.

In 1884 Fischer began his specialized study of sugars. It is possible that this study changed the knowledge about these compounds and fully incorporated the new knowledge related to them. As early as the 1880s, the aldehyde formula of glucose was indicated. However, he established a series of changes, including the possibility of the formation of phenylephrine hydrogen and ozone as a result of the reaction of altonic acid, obtained by the oxidation of fissure sugars, with his discovery of phenyl hydrogen. In 1888 he established the relationship between glucose, fructose, and monoxide, with a common ozone-forming reaction. In 1890, he also established the three-dimensional chemistry and modification of sugars by epimerization between gluconic acid and mononic acid. Between 1891 and 1894 he established a three-dimensional system for all sugars known at the time. Furthermore, Vandkop and Le Bell, published in 1874, used their sharp application of the theoretical theory of the carbon atom to accurately predict potential modified systems for sugar.

It is possible that the reverse synthesis methods, which alternate between different exosols, pentoses, and epochs using processes such as step-down, compilation methods, and modification, made him realize the value of the method of compilation methods. His greatest success in 1890 was the synthesis of glucose, fructose, and monoxide from glycerol. All these special works on sugars were made between 1884 and 1894. This is followed by a series of studies on glucosides, which are considered to be the most important function of fissure.

Between 1899 and 1908, Fischer made significant contributions to the knowledge of proteins. In an attempt to find effective analytical methods for identifying and extracting individual amino acids, he discovered new types of ring amino acids such as proline and hydroxyproline. He also studied the synthesis of proteins from amino acids that exhibit optical properties. He discovered the type of binding that causes amino acids in proteins to be chained together. This is what is called peptide binding.

With this start he developed typhobides, tripeptides, and then polypeptides. In 1901, Ernesto co-founded the glycyrrhizin type of glycine with Borneo. In the same year he also published the results of his study on the hydrolysis of the case. Naturally available amino acids were produced in laboratories and new ones were discovered. His oligopeptide synthesis may have peaked when octodecopeptide was formed. This octodecapside had many properties of natural proteins. This study and his subsequent studies may have led to a better understanding of proteins and additional studies on proteins.

In addition to the tasks already mentioned, he has been studying the enzymes and chemicals found in ficus and elixir, as well as the chemicals used in tanning. He also studied fats in the last days of his life. In 1890, he proposed the concept of a "lock-key model" for observing the interaction between a substrate and an enzyme. Subsequent studies, however, do not support this principle in the reactions of enzymes. When he went to the University of Berlin he realized that he was a staunch fighter in administrative work related to scientific foundations and all fields of study, not just chemistry. His deep understanding of scientific problems, his intuition, his interest in discovering the truth, and his fascination with the pursuit of experimental proof for hypotheses, propose him as the greatest scientist of all time.

He was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of methods for synthesizing sugar and purine block compounds. He discovered the Fischer esterification reaction. He developed a pre-range model that could be used to draw amorphous carbon atoms and indicate their structure. This is called the Fischer projection model by his name. Hermann Emil Louis Fischer committed suicide in Germany on July 15, 1919, at the age of 66, due to the pain of cancer caused by the effects of phenylephrine.

Source By: Wikipedia

Information: Ramesh, Assistant Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.

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