Today (April 28, 1854) is the birthday of Hertha Ayrton, an English mathematician and physicist who researched the vibrations of light in the electric circuit and in sand and water.
Hertha Ayrton was born on April
28, 1854, in Bobby Sarah Marx, Hampshire, England. The third child was born to
Livy Marx, a Jew who lived and worked as a watchmaker from Poland, and his
mother, Alice Theresa Moss. His father died in 1861, leaving behind seven
children and a pregnant wife. Sarah then went on to care for her younger
siblings. When he was 9, he moved to London on a birthday invitation with his
parents. There they were able to study with their children. He was known among
his friends and teachers as an angry, uncivilized man. His relatives introduced
him to science and mathematics. At the age of 16, she began working as a
homemaker for children.
Ayton was involved in the
oppressed women's movement when she was a teenager. This was followed by contact
with Barbara Bodison, co-founder of Cambridge Gordon College. Bodison helped
Ayrton attend Gordon College and eventually donated his property to Ayrton.
Ayton studied mathematics at Cotton College and physics with Richard Clause
Book. While studying at the University of Cambridge, Ayton developed the
Sphygmomanometer. He not only founded the Cotton College Fire Brigade but also
founded the Mathematical Society with Salt Scott. Although Ayton received a
bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1880, the University of Cambridge did not
award her a degree because she was a woman. In 1881 he graduated from the
University of London with a Bachelor of Science degree as an external student.
Returning to London, Ayton taught
her how to sew flowers on a cloth and ran a group for working women to take
care of her alternatively able-bodied sister. He used the mathematics he had
learned to solve many challenges. She has published these in the Educational
Times under the title 'Mathematical Questions and Their Answers. He also
taught mathematics at Hill and Yale's high schools in the country. In 1884 Ayton
invented and patented a nocturnal divider. This tool is capable of dividing a
nozzle into as many equal parts as possible. Splits can be enlarged and
minimized. This tool will be helpful for painters, engineers and architects.
This is Eva's first discovery.
Her patented endeavour was financed by Louisiana Goldsmith and her pioneer,
Barbara Bodison. Her invention was exhibited at the Women's Exhibition and was
well received. Aydon was the first patentee to receive a patent in 1884. It has
received 26 patents to date. 5 of these are mathematical related. 13 Circle
lamp and electrode related. The other is related to the driving force of the
wind. He studied electrical engineering and physics in 1884 at Aydon, Pinsbury
College of Engineering. He married his former teacher on May 6, 1885, and
supported his research on physics and electricity. Following this, he was
involved in his research on the electric circuit.
At the end of the 19th century, the use of electric loop lamps in public places became more widespread. The big
problem was that the lights were flashing and hiss. In this regard, Ayton wrote
and published articles in the magazine "Electrocyan" stating that the
reason for this is the contact of oxygen with the carbon blocks used to make
the circular arc. In 1899 he became the first person to read an article he
published at the Institute of Electrical Engineers. "His noise from the
electric arc" is the name of the article. Following this, she became the
first woman to join the company. It was not until 1958 that another woman
emerged after him. When asked for permission to read their article like this in
the Royal Society, it was denied because Eva was a woman.
In 1901, Eva read John Boe's
article on the mechanism of the electric arc and how it works. His contribution
to electrical engineering in the late 19th century was widely recognized at
home and abroad. In 1899, Eva presided over the physics section of the
International Women's Conference in London. Eva addressed the 1900 International
Electricity Conference in Paris. Her success there led to the participation of
women in the General Committee and Divisional Committees of the British Society
for the Advancement of Science. In 1902, Ayton published a book entitled Circle
of the Circle, which he published in 1895 and 1896. Iodine's role in electrical
engineering has been confirmed by this publication. However, Aydon was not well
received by influential and reputable scientific organizations such as the
Royal Society.
After the publication of Eva's
book on the electric circuit, in 1902, John Perry, a member of the Royal
Society and a renowned electrical engineer, proposed the name Ayton as a member
of the Royal Society. But the Royal Society, which refused to accept married women
as members, rejected Eva's petition. Aydon became the first woman to receive
this honour in 1904 when she read the article "The Origin and Evolution of
Vibration Symbols" at the Royal Society. In 1906, Ayton was awarded the
Hughes Prize by the Royal Society for his research on the electric circuit and
sand vibrations. Ivan is the first owner of this record. And until 2015, there
were only two such proud women, including Ayton.
Ayton completed seven articles
for the Royal Society between 1901 and 1929. The last article was read after
Eva died. Eva concludes her research papers with the British Society and the
Physics Society. The ion formed in the water cycle and the air cycle evolved
into the ion fan. These were widely used to eliminate toxic fumes in bunkers
during the First World War. Due to Ayton's serious efforts, 100,000 devices
were manufactured and used in the Western Hemisphere. Ayton was instrumental in
founding the International Federation of Women's Universities in 1919 and the
National Science Workers' Union in 1920. On August 26, 1923, at the age of 69,
Hertha Ayrton, who had been researching the vibrations of light and sand in an
electric circuit, was poisoned by an insect in Lansing, New Cottage, and passed
away.
In 1923, two years after Ayton's
death, Ayton's lifelong friend Ottley Hancock set up the Hota Ayton Research
Fund at Cotton College. A blue inscription commemorating Eva was unveiled in
2007 in Netflix Square, Bettington. In 2009 the Panasonic Foundation
established the Hota Mock Ayton Fund to celebrate its 25th anniversary. In
2010, Aydon emerged as one of the 10 most influential women in the history of
science, along with female members of the Royal Society and teachers of science
history. The British Society for the History of Science in 2015 has established
an award in the name of Ayton. In 2016, the University of Cambridge University
decided to name a part of the Northwest Cambridge development after Ayrton. In
2017, the University of Sheffield Hall named their Stem Center Ayton.
Source By: Wikipedia
Information: Ramesh, Assistant
Professor of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Trichy.
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